【正文】 s appearance leads to confidence in one39。t bee a problem. 2. Do advertisements play a positive or negative role in our society? Arguments 1 Advertisements provide the most direct prehensive and detailed information We get to know about household goods from advertisements. 2 Advertising itself is a business that has provided a great number of jobs. 3 With advertisements, people save a lot of time in shopping, looking for jobs, etc. 4 Daily life needs advertisements because the main function of advertising 26 is to disseminate information on modities, services, culture, employment, s tudent enrolment and even marriage. 5A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of news of calamities. 6 Without advertisements, newspapers, mercial radios and television panies could not survive. 7 You can find a job or rent an apartment, buy or sell a house, etcby way of advertising. 8 Advertising is a process of artistic creation. 9 Advertising creates mass marketsWithout advertisements, manufacturers may find it difficult to sell their products. 10 Advertising helps stabilize industry and employment, improves quality, and, by petition, helps keep prices within bounds 27 Counterarguments 1 Advertisements are imposed upon a captive audience: television. 2 Advertisements on TV are a nuisance: they interrupt television progranunes at a shocking frequency. 3 Consumers have to pay more for the goods owing to the advertising expenses: high prices are maintained by such artificial means. 4 Advertisements are simply misleading and cheatingThey are filled with flowery phrases and empty promises. 5 Fake advertising cheats consumers and, in some serious cases, threatens gullible people39。s hidden frustrations and disappointments are brought to the surface when they drive. 8 Road works for cars have not only made cities uninhabitable , but also desecrated the countryside. 9 Cars often produce air pollution and fill the cities with unbearable noise. 10 Cars are the cause of traffic accidentsAll over the world thousands upon thousands of people are killed or injured every year Counterarguments 24 1 Motorcars are highly desirable for obvious reasons .We should recognize this and adapt ourselves. 2 Motorcars enable people to bee more mobile Without cars, the world would s till consist of isolated munities. 3 If there are more cars in China39。 47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher the doctor and teacher 指一個人，既是醫(yī)生又是老師； the doctor and the teacher 指兩個人，一個醫(yī)生和一個老師。如： They went there by bus. 36. for a moment, for the moment for a moment “片刻、一會兒 ”， for the moment“暫時、一時 ”，如： Thinking for a moment, he agreed. 37. next year, the next year next year 將來時間狀語， the next year 過去將來時間狀語，如： He said he would go abroad the next year. 38. more than a year, more than one year more than a year“一年多 ”， more than one year“超過一年 ”（兩年或三年等） 39. take advice, take the(one’s) advice take advice“征求意見 ”， take the advice“接受忠告 ”，如： He refused to take the advice and failed again. 40. take air, take the air take air“傳播、走漏 ”， take the air“到戶外去、散步 ”，如： We take the air every day. 41. in a word, in words in a word“總之、一句話 ”， in words“口頭上 ”，如： In a word, you are right. 18 42. in place of, in the place of in place of“代替 ”， in the place of“在 … 地方 ”，如： A new building is built in the place of the old one. 43. in secret, in the secret in secret“秘密地、暗自地、偷偷地 ”，一般用作狀語； in the secret 指知 道內(nèi)情、知道秘密，一般用作表語。 34. three of us, the three of us three of us 我們（不止三個）中的三個， the three of us 我們?nèi)齻€（就三個人）。 the number of 指 “… 的數(shù)目 ”，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 29. sport, game sport 多指戶外的游戲或娛樂活動，如打球、游泳、打獵、賽馬等； game 指決定勝負的游戲，通常有一套規(guī)則。如： Man will conquer nature. 26. chick, chicken 二者均可指小雞， chicken 還可以當(dāng)雞肉，如： The chicken is delicious. 27. telegram, telegraph 當(dāng) “電報 ”解時， telegram 指具體的， telegraph 指抽象的，如： a telegram, by telegraph。如：The police are questioning everyone in the house. 24. problem, question problem 常和困難連系，前面的動詞常為 think about, solve, raise； question 常和疑問連系，多和 ask, answer 連用。如： The whole nation was sad at the news. 21. cook, cooker cook 指廚師， cooker 指廚具，如： He is a good cook. 22. damage, damages damage 是不可數(shù)名詞，指損害、損失； damages 為復(fù)數(shù)形式，指賠償金，如：$900 damages。 19. couple, pair couple 主要指人或動物， pair 多指由兩部分組成的東西，如： a pair of trousers。 16. speech, talk, lecture speech 指在公共場所所做的經(jīng)過準(zhǔn)備的較正式的演 說， talk 指日常生活中的一般的談話、講話， lecture 指學(xué)術(shù)性的演講、講課，如： a series of lecture on… 17. officer, official officer 指部隊的軍官， official 指政府官員，如： an army officer 。如： Practice makes perfect. 15. class, lesson 作 “課 ”解時，兩者可以替換；指課文用 lesson，指班級或全體學(xué)生用 class，如：lesson 6。ve got the habit of drinking a lot. 13. cause, reason 15 cause 指造成某一事實或現(xiàn)象的直接原因，后接 of sth./doing sth.； reason 用來解釋某種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果的理由，后接 for sth./doing sth.， 如： the reason for being late。 12. custom, habit custom 指傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗、習(xí)俗，也可指生活習(xí)慣，后接 to do； habit 指生活習(xí)慣，習(xí)慣成自然，后接 of doing。 in the street。如： He has a large vocabulary. 8. population, people population 指人口、人數(shù)， people 指具體的人，如： China has a large population. 9. weather, climate weather 指一天內(nèi)具體的天氣狀況， climate 指長期的氣候狀況，如： The clim ate here is not good for you. 10. road, street, path, way road 指具體的公路、馬路， street 指街道， path 指小路、小徑， way 指道路、途徑。 4. family, house, home home 指家，包括住處和家人， house 指房子、住宅， family 指家庭成員，如： 14 My family is a happy one. 5. sound, voice, noise sound 指自然界各種各樣的聲音， voice 指人的嗓音， noise 指噪音，如： I hate the loud noise outside. 6. photo, picture, drawing photo 指用照相機拍攝的照片， picture 可指相片、圖片、電影片， drawing 指畫的畫，如： Let39。 2. incident, accident incident 指小事件， accident 指不幸的事故。s attention 代替 attra