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2)無癥狀的克羅恩病肛瘺:無需手術治療: 3)低位克羅恩病肛瘺:采用瘺管切開術; 4)復雜性克羅恩病肛瘺:可長期掛線引流作姑息性治療;如直腸粘膜肉眼大體正常可采用推移直腸粘膜瓣閉合內口。 手術時 應先緊扎一個,其余掛浮線,緩慢緊線,以免幾根橡皮線同時切斷肛管直腸環(huán)而影響肛門括約肌的功能。 對于掛線脫落的時間,大多數專家均認為,應控制在 l0— l4天左右或以上,并采用分次緊線 術。 ?? 緊線 切開與掛線后括約肌斷端最終均以局部纖維化而與周圍組織粘連固定,掛線法顯著優(yōu)于切開法之處在于:切開組兩斷端的缺口距離大,中間為大面積瘢痕所填充;掛線組兩斷端距離小,中間為小面積瘢痕修復。 目前臨床上,對于外括約肌深部以下的瘺管和膿腔可采用虛掛引流法。對于大束組織,可以一次大束掛線適當緊線,如一次緊線勒割不開,可再次緊線。 但是,目前來看,對絕大多數高位復雜性肛瘺采用掛線療法更為穩(wěn)妥;對于女性前方的肛瘺,如位置較深,即使是在外括約肌深部以下最好也采用掛線療法。 3) 粘膜瓣推移術: 適用于高位肛瘺內口明確且不伴嚴重感染的患者和女性前側肛瘺。 長期引流掛線 : 適用于高位經括約肌克羅恩病肛瘺患者,以預防復發(fā)性膿腫的形成和保持肛門的功能。 Treatment of a Simple FistulainAno: 1. Simple anal fistulas may be treated by fistulotomy. ? Fistulotomy is preferable to fistulectomy. Despite similar recurrence rates, the latter results in larger wounds with a longer healing time and higher rates of incontinence. ? The recurrence rate for fistulotomy is generally between 2 and 9 percent with a functional impairment generally between 0 and 17 percent. Any functional derangement will tend to improve for up to two years after surgery. ? One randomized, controlled trial reported faster healing and better preservation of anal squeeze pressures when anal fistulotomy wounds were marsupialized pared with simply laid open. 2. Simple anal fistulas may be treated with track debridement and fibrin glue injection. Fibrin glue is an easy and repeatable treatment