morphology形態(tài)學(xué)(2)(參考版)
2025-05-04 18:30本頁(yè)面
【正文】 (罵 ) ? Tone language—Chinese Intonation ? Intonation involves the occurrence of recurring fallrise patterns, each of which is used with a set of relatively consistent meanings, either on single words or on groups of words of varying length. ? For example, the fallrise tone in English typically involves the meaning of a contrast within a limited set of items stated explicitly or implicitly. ? (Isn?t her name Mary?) No / ? Jenny ? The old man didn?t e / whereas the ? young man / did e and actually enjoyed himself ? ? I didn?t do it 。 paradigm ? Signature, paradigmatic ? Delete a [g] when it occurs before a final nasal consonant. Suprasegmentals ? The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. ? The phonological properties of such units as the syllable, the word, and the sentence. ? The principal suprasegmentals are: Stress ? Stress refers to the degree of force used in producing a syllable. In transcription, a raised vertical line [│] is often used just before the syllable it relates to. ? A basic distinction is made between stressed and unstressed syllables, the former being more prominent than the latter, which means that stress is a relative notion. ? At the word level, it only applies to words with at least two syllables. ? At the sentence level, a monosyllabic word may be said to be stressed relative to other words in the sentence. Verb ? conVICT ? inSULT ? proDUCE ? reBEL Noun ? CONvict ? INsult ? PROduce ? REbel V vs. N ? BLACKboard ? BLACKbird ? black BOARD ? black BIRD Compound Phrase Compound vs. Phrase ? ing forms and nouns: ? ? Diningroom ? reading glass ? Sleeping ? baby swimming ? fish Primary vs. Secondary Stress ? epiphenomenal ? unsatisfactory ? discrimination ? standardization ? munication ? industrialization Sentence Stress ? John bought a red car. ? JOHN bought a red car. ? John BOUGHT a red car. ? John bought a RED car. ? John bought a red CAR. Tone ? Pitch variations ? The first tone is level (陰平 ), ? the second rise (陽(yáng)平 ), ? the third fallrise (上聲 ), ? the fourth fall (去聲 ). ? mā(媽 ) m225。 ? Allophone: the different phones that represent a phoneme in different phoic environment. Phone ? Phone can be defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language. ? Phone is the realization of phoneme, it is concrete, while phoneme is abstract. ? The word ?phoneme? simply refers to a ?unit of explicit sound cont
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