morphology形態(tài)學(xué)(2)(完整版)
【正文】 l i? blik, klib, kilb。 paradigm ? Signature, paradigmatic ? Delete a [g] when it occurs before a final nasal consonant. Suprasegmentals ? The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. ? The phonological properties of such units as the syllable, the word, and the sentence. ? The principal suprasegmentals are: Stress ? Stress refers to the degree of force used in producing a syllable. In transcription, a raised vertical line [│] is often used just before the syllable it relates to. ? A basic distinction is made between stressed and unstressed syllables, the former being more prominent than the latter, which means that stress is a relative notion. ? At the word level, it only applies to words with at least two syllables. ? At the sentence level, a monosyllabic word may be said to be stressed relative to other words in the sentence. Verb ? conVICT ? inSULT ? proDUCE ? reBEL Noun ? CONvict ? INsult ? PROduce ? REbel V vs. N ? BLACKboard ? BLACKbird ? black BOARD ? black BIRD Compound Phrase Compound vs. Phrase ? ing forms and nouns: ? ? Diningroom ? reading glass ? Sleeping ? baby swimming ? fish Primary vs. Secondary Stress ? epiphenomenal ? unsatisfactory ? discrimination ? standardization ? munication ? industrialization Sentence Stress ? John bought a red car. ? JOHN bought a red car. ? John BOUGHT a red car. ? John bought a RED car. ? John bought a red CAR. Tone ? Pitch variations ? The first tone is level (陰平 ), ? the second rise (陽(yáng)平 ), ? the third fallrise (上聲 ), ? the fourth fall (去聲 ). ? mā(媽 ) m225。][θ] ? Alveolar: [t] [d] [s] [z] [n] ? Palatal: ? Velar: [k] [g] [?] ? Glottal: [h] Classification of English vowels ? As in the production of vowels the air stream meets no obstruction, they can not be classified in terms of manner of articulation or place of articulation as consonants. ? Vowel sounds are differentiated by a number of factors: ? The position of the tongue ? Front, central, back ? The openness of the mouth ? Close, semiclose, semiopen, open ? The shape of the lips ? Rounded, unrounded ? The length of the vowels ? Long, short ? Monophthongs。 health [helθ ] ? Diacritics ? Clear [l]。 they are concerned with only those sounds that are produced by the human speech an in so far as they have a role to play in linguistic munication. ? These sounds are limited in number. ? This limited range of sounds which are
化學(xué)相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1