【正文】 Feed Science, HZAU Question for study and discussion 。 Feed Science, HZAU 3. Function a. To reduce dustiness. b. To improve color. c. To improve texture. d. To improve palatability. e. To reduce machinery wear f. To increase pelleting rate. Fat and Oils Dept. Animal Nutrition amp。 Feed Science, HZAU 1. Classification ① Animal Fat ? Poultry Fat ? Tallow (Beef) ② Vegetable Oils Fat and Oils Dept. Animal Nutrition amp。 Feed Science, HZAU Dried whey （乳清粉） 1. Definition Whey is the portion of milk that remains after most of the casein and fat have been removed for the manufacture of cheese. Dried whey is a product of spraydried whey(噴霧干燥） Dept. Animal Nutrition amp。 Feed Science, HZAU ② It can be laxative and will tend to disrupt microbial activity at high levels and seldom is used in rations for swine and poultry since it tends to cause scouring（腹瀉） . ③ Levels approaching 810% may result in clumping（結(jié)塊） in mixer or ingredients clumping together in sacked feed（袋裝飼料） Molasses Dept. Animal Nutrition amp。 Feed Science, HZAU 1. Definition ? Molasses is a liquid energy feed that is highly palatable, digestible and are rich in carbohydrates. Molasses Dept. Animal Nutrition amp。 Feed Science, HZAU II. Usage ① Used to provide bulk to diets （增加日糧的體積） ② As an appetizer（開胃劑） ③ As a mild laxative(輕瀉劑） ④ As a source of energy Roots and Tubers （塊根和塊莖） Dept. Animal Nutrition amp。 Feed Science, HZAU （ 6） Feeding value of potato Animals should be accustomed to them gradually, as they are not palatable. Raw potatoes should not be fed in too large amounts, as they may cause scours（腹瀉） . Roots and Tubers （塊根和塊莖） Dept. Animal Nutrition amp。 Feed Science, HZAU Dept. Animal Nutrition amp。 Feed Science, HZAU (5) Replace not more than 50% of the corn in rations for cattle and sheep. ? It is worthy 90%100% as much as corn for beef cattle, dairy cattle, and sheep. Roots and Tubers （塊根和塊莖） Dept. Animal Nutrition amp。 however, they are relatively costly to produce. (2) They are low in protein, calcium and phosphorus. (3) High in carotene. Dept. Animal Nutrition amp。 of the grain ration. Roots and Tubers （塊根和塊莖） Dept. Animal Nutrition amp。 Feed Science, HZAU 1. Characteristics of roots and tubers (1) Fresh tubers are generally not as high in energy as the grains, when considered on a DM basis, they are relatively good sources of energy. (2) They generally have limited amounts of protein. (3) Contain very little carotene except for carrots and sweet potatoes. Roots and Tubers （塊根和塊莖） Dept. Animal Nutrition amp。 Feed Science, HZAU 4. Dried bakery product （干面包屑） (1)Dried bakery product is similar to corn in position except that usually it is much higher in fat (1216%) and may contain a considerable amount of salt. (2)Its use should be limited to not more than about 20% of the total ration. Dept. Animal Nutrition amp。 Feed Science, HZAU 3. Hominy feed（玉米麩） 1. Definition Hominy feed is a byproduct of the manufacture of hominy（玉米片） , hominy grits（玉米粗粉） , and corn meal for human consumption. It is a mixture of corn bran, corn germ (with or without some of the fat removed), and varying amounts of the finer siftings of the starchy portion of the corn grain. Dept. Animal Nutrition amp。 Feed Science, HZAU ③ Feeding value high content of fat (15%) and fiber( 9％ ) lack of palatability it usually is limited to not more than approximately 1/3 of the ration concentrates. bran(米糠） and rice mill feed(統(tǒng)糠） Dept. Animal Nutrition amp。 Feed Science, HZAU bran(米糠） and rice mill feed(統(tǒng)糠） I. Rice bran : ① Consists primarily of the seed coat and germ that are removed from rice grain in the manufacture of polished rice for human consumption. Dept. Animal Nutrition amp。 Feed Science, HZAU ③ Wheat middlings（次粉） a. CP:1418%: Excellent source of protein b. EE:％ c. CF:8% d. P:1%。 Feed Science, HZAU 1. Wheat bran, wheat middlings and shorts（ 麥麩和 次粉） II. Wheat middlings and shorts ① Wheat middling(次粉 )must consist of fine particles of wheat bran, shorts, germ ,and flour, and some of the offal（廢棄物） from the “tail of the mill” obtained in the usual process of flour milling. ② All consist of mixtures of fine particles of bran and germ, the aleuronic layer（糊粉層） , and coarse flour in varying proportions. Dept. Animal Nutrition amp。Ca: % d. an excellent source of vitamin E Dept. Animal Nutrition amp。 Feed Science, HZAU Grain milling byproducts (谷物磨粉的副產(chǎn)品） 2. Classes of grain milling byproducts ① Wheat bran, wheat middlings and shorts（ 麥麩和 次粉） ② Rice bran(米糠） , rice polishings (細(xì)米糠） and rice mill feed(粗糠） ③ Dried bakery product（干面包屑） Dept. Animal Nutrition amp。 Feed Science, HZAU 1. Moisture ① Less than 12% ②