【正文】 s environmental management system.An organization should identify the environmental aspects within the scope of its environmental management system, taking into account the inputs and outputs (both intended and unintended) associated with its current and relevantpast activities, products and services, planned or new developments, or new or modified activities, products and services. This process should consider normal and abnormal operating conditions, shutdown and startup conditions, as well as reasonably foreseeable emergency situations.Organizations do not have to consider each product, ponent or raw material input individually. They may select categories of activities, products and services to identify their environmental aspects. Although there is no single approach for identifying environmental aspects, the approach selected could for example considera) emissions to air,b) releases to water,c) releases to land,d) use of raw materials and natural resources,e) use of energy,f) energy emitted, . heat, radiation, vibration,g) waste and byproducts, andh) physical attributes, . size, shape, colour, appearance.In addition to those environmental aspects an organization can control directly, an organization should also consider aspects that it can influence, . those related to goods and services used by the organization and those related to products and services that it provides. Some guidance to evaluate control and influence is provided below. However, in all circumstances it is the organization that determines the degree of control and also the aspects it can influence.Consideration shou。s facility. Communication to contractors can be in alternative forms to the policy statement itself, such as rules, directives and procedures, and may therefore only include pertinent sections of the policy. The organization39。 evaluation of previous emergency situations and accidents.Tools and methods for undertaking a review might include checklists, conducting interviews, direct inspection and measurement, results of previous audits or other reviews, depending on the nature of the activities.An organization has the freedom and flexibility to define its boundaries and may choose to implement this International Standard with respect to the entire organization or to specific operating units of the organization.The organization should define and document the scope of its environmental management system. Defining the scope is intended to clarify the boundaries of the organization [o which the environmental management system will apply, especially if the organization is a part of a larger organization at a given location. Once the scope is defined, all activities, products and services of the organization within that scope need to be included in the environmental management system. When setting the scope, it should be noted that the credibility of the environmental management system will depend upon the choice of organizational boundaries. If a part of an organization is excluded from the scope of its environmental management system, the organization should be able to explain the exclusion. If this International Standard is implemented for a specific operating unit, policies and procedures developed by other parts of the organization can be used to meet the requirements of this International Standard, provided that they are applicable to that specific operating unit. Environmental policyThe environmental policy is the driver for implementing and improving an organization39。 identification of applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes。s environmental management system. at planned intervals. to ensure its continuing suitability. adequacy and effectiveness. Reviews shall include assessing opportunities for improvement and the need for changes to the environmental management system. including the environmental policy and environmental objectives and targets. Records of the management reviews shall be retained.Input to management reviews shall includea) results of internal audits and evaluations of pliance with legal requirements and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes.b) munication(s) from external interested parties. including plaints.c) the environmental performance of the organization.d) the extent to which objectives and targets have been met.e) status of corrective and preventive actions.f) followup actions from previous management reviews.g) changing circumstances. including developments in legal and other requirements related to its environmental aspects. andh) remendations for improvement.The outputs from management reviews shall include any decisions and actions related to possible changes to environmental policy. objectives. targets and other elements of the environmental management system. consistent with the mitment to continual improvement.Annex A(informative)Guidance on the use of this International Standard General requirementsThe additional text given in this annex is strictly informative and is intended to prevent misinterpretation of the requirements contained in Clause 4 of tbis International Standard. While (his information addresses and is consistent with the requirements of Clause 4, it is not intended to add to, subtract from, or in any way modify these requirements.The implementation of an environmental management system specified by this International Standard is intended to result in improved environmental performance. Therefore this International Standard is based on the premise that the organization will periodically review and evaluate its environmental management system to identify opportunities for improvement and their implementation. The rate, extent and timescale of this continualimprovement process are determined by the organization in the light of economic and other circumstances.Impr