【正文】 . For the nerve signal to continue, acetylcholine must diffuse to another nearby neuron or muscle cell, where it will bind and activate a. After the arrival of a nerve signal at the termination of an axon, the vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, causing the release of acetylcholine into the and there are some of each type in the brain. These terms are used because nicotine mimics the action of acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors, whereas muscarine, an alkaloid from the mushroom Amanita muscaria, mimics the action of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter produced by neurons referred to as cholinergic neurons. In the peripheral nervous system acetylcholine plays a role in skeletal muscle movement, as well as in the regulation of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. In the central nervous system acetylcholine is believed to be involved in learning, memory, and mood. Acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl coenzyme A through the action of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase and bees packaged into membranebound in response to activation of this nerve supply, smooth muscle contracts (notably in the gut), the frequency of heart beat is slowed, and glands secrete. Acetylcholine is also an important transmitter at many sites in the brain at nervetonerve synapses. To understand how acetylcholine brings about a variety of effects in different cells it is necessary to understand membrane receptors. In postsynaptic membranes (those of the cells on which the nerve fibres terminate) there are many different sorts of receptors and some are receptors for acetylcholine. These are protein molecules that react specifically with acetylcholine in a reversible fashion. It is the plex of receptor bined with acetylcholine which brings about a biophysical reaction, resulting in the response from the receptive cell. Two major types of acetylcholine receptors exist in the membranes of cells. The type in skeletal muscle is known as ‘nicotinic’。（√ ）請您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(∩_∩)O謝謝！?。?016年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings (terminals) in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. It is synthesized within the nerve terminal from choline, taken up from the tissue fluid into the nerve ending by a specialized transport mechanism. The enzyme necessary for this synthesis is formed in the nerve cell body and passes down the axon to its end, carried in the axoplasmic flow, the slow movement of intracellular substance (cytoplasm). Acetylcholine is stored in the nerve terminal, sequestered in small vesicles awaiting release. When a nerve action potential reaches and invades the nerve terminal, a shower of acetylcholine vesicles is released into the junction (synapse) between the nerve terminal and the ‘effector’ cell which the nerve activates. This may be another nerve cell or a muscle or gland cell. Thus electrical signals are converted to chemical signals, allowing messages to be passed between nerve cells or between nerve cells and nonnerve cells. This process is termed ‘chemical neurotransmission’ and was first demonstrated, for nerves to the heart, by the German pharmacologist Loewi in 1921. Chemical transmission involving acetylcholine is known as ‘cholinergic’. Acetylcholine acts as a transmitter between motor nerves and the fibres of skeletal muscle at all neuromuscular junctions. At this type of synapse, the nerve terminal is closely apposed to the cell membrane of a muscle fibre at the socalled motor end plate. On release, acetylcholine acts almost instantly, to cause a sequence of chemical and physical events (starting with depolarization of the motor endplate) which cause contraction of the muscle fibre. This is exactly what is required for voluntary muscles in which a rapid response to a mand is required. The action of acetylcholine is terminated rapidly, in around 10 milliseconds。（ ）、彌補(bǔ)公司經(jīng)營虧損。（ √ ），受益人才享有受益權(quán)。（ .√ ），則保險(xiǎn)賠償應(yīng)以實(shí)際損失為準(zhǔn)。（√ ）。（ ）。（√ ）。（√ ），允許變更被保險(xiǎn)人。（√ ）。（ √ ）。（ ）21. 被保險(xiǎn)人生前的債權(quán)人有權(quán)從受益人領(lǐng)取的保險(xiǎn)中獲得債務(wù)的清償。（√ ），由被保險(xiǎn)人的法定繼承人領(lǐng)取保險(xiǎn)金，并作為遺產(chǎn)處理。（ ），保險(xiǎn)代理人所知曉的事情都視作保險(xiǎn)人已知。（√ ）（ √ ）。（ ）。（ ）“社會公平”原則。（ √ ）、企業(yè)和政府三方面合理負(fù)擔(dān)。（√ ），但在法律上效力不如一般保險(xiǎn)單。（ ）。（√ ）。A擁有所有權(quán)的財(cái)產(chǎn) B抵押財(cái)產(chǎn) C保管的他人財(cái)產(chǎn) D已出售的財(cái)產(chǎn) E留置財(cái)產(chǎn)（AD E）。A近因原則 B代位原則 C分?jǐn)傇瓌t D可保利益原則 E實(shí)際損失原則，保險(xiǎn)可分為（AD ）A原保險(xiǎn) B不定額保險(xiǎn) C定額保險(xiǎn) D再保險(xiǎn) E超額保險(xiǎn)（ＣＤ）A保險(xiǎn)人 B投保人 C被保險(xiǎn)人 D受益人 E保險(xiǎn)代理人（BCD）A債權(quán)人 B債務(wù)人 C本人 D父母、子女 E兄弟、姐妹（A B ）。A告知義務(wù) B保證 C棄權(quán)和禁止反言 D說明義務(wù) E保密義務(wù)30. 我國《保險(xiǎn)代理人管理規(guī)定》將保險(xiǎn)代理人分為（　A C E　?。戰(zhàn)爭險(xiǎn) B平安險(xiǎn) C黃曲霉素險(xiǎn) D一切險(xiǎn) E水漬險(xiǎn)（ＢＣD ）Ａ風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是指某種損失發(fā)生的可能性Ｂ風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的存在與客觀環(huán)境及一定的時(shí)空條件有關(guān)Ｃ風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)事故、與損失的統(tǒng)一體D沒有人類的活動，也就不存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)E風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是不可以轉(zhuǎn)移的22. 在保險(xiǎn)索賠中，索賠權(quán)人有（A CD ）A被保險(xiǎn)人 B保險(xiǎn)代理人 C投保人 D受益人 E保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人，屬于自愿保險(xiǎn)方式的是（A BC）A企業(yè)財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn) B機(jī)動車輛保險(xiǎn) C貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn) D養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn) E公路旅客人身意外傷害險(xiǎn)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可分為（ＡＢＣＥ）A財(cái)產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) B人身風(fēng)險(xiǎn) C信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn) D政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn) E責(zé)任風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（ＡＢC Ｄ）。A保險(xiǎn)單 B暫保單 C保險(xiǎn)憑證 D經(jīng)保險(xiǎn)人簽章的投保單 E批單（ABDE ）。E在任何情況下，保險(xiǎn)人不得對被保險(xiǎn)人的家庭成員或者其組成人員行使代位求償僅。A保險(xiǎn)金額 B保險(xiǎn)利益 C保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值 D保險(xiǎn)期限 E重復(fù)保險(xiǎn)15.《中華人民共和國保險(xiǎn)法》所規(guī)定的保險(xiǎn)資金運(yùn)用的形式有（A CD E）。A車禍 B疾病 C賭博 D股票買賣 E試制新產(chǎn)品（.ABDE ）。）（.ＡＢＥ ）Ａ風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素 Ｂ風(fēng)險(xiǎn)事故 Ｃ風(fēng)險(xiǎn)處理 Ｄ風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估 Ｅ損失：（ A BE ）A風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不是投機(jī)性的 B風(fēng)險(xiǎn)必須具有不確定性 C風(fēng)險(xiǎn)必須是少量標(biāo)的均有遭受損失的可能性 D風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能導(dǎo)致較大損失E風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在合同期內(nèi)預(yù)期的損失是可計(jì)算的：（ABC ）A財(cái)產(chǎn)損失保險(xiǎn) B責(zé)任保險(xiǎn) C信用保險(xiǎn) D定額保險(xiǎn) E綜合保險(xiǎn)（ .ＡＢＣ ）Ａ保險(xiǎn)是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)處理的傳統(tǒng)有效的措施Ｂ保險(xiǎn)是分?jǐn)傄馔馐鹿蕮p失的一種財(cái)務(wù)安排Ｃ保險(xiǎn)體現(xiàn)的是一種民事法律關(guān)系Ｄ保險(xiǎn)不具有商品屬性E保險(xiǎn)的基本職能包括分?jǐn)倱p失與防災(zāi)防損（ＣＤＥ）Ａ保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)理人　Ｂ保險(xiǎn)理賠人?。帽ｋU(xiǎn)代理人?。谋ｋU(xiǎn)公估人 Ｅ保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人（BCE）。A火災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)合同 B家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)合同 C責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)合同 D貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)合同，保險(xiǎn)金額為100萬，出險(xiǎn)時(shí)保險(xiǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn)的保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值為120萬元。A保險(xiǎn)人 B被保險(xiǎn)人 C保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人 D受益人（B ）同意。A海上保險(xiǎn) B火災(zāi)保險(xiǎn) C人壽保險(xiǎn) D責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)（C ） ，保險(xiǎn)金由（D ）領(lǐng)取。A保險(xiǎn)期間屆滿終止 B保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的災(zāi)失而終止C履約終止 D因法定情況出現(xiàn)而終止（A ） A含義解釋 B單理解釋 C補(bǔ)充解釋 D意圖解釋39保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的實(shí)際價(jià)值低于保險(xiǎn)金額，這種保險(xiǎn)被稱之為（D ）。A一裁終局制度 B兩裁終局制度 C當(dāng)事人不服仲裁可請?jiān)俨? D當(dāng)事人不服仲裁可提起訴訟（C ）A超額保險(xiǎn) B足額保險(xiǎn) C定值保險(xiǎn) D不定值保險(xiǎn)（C ）A保險(xiǎn)憑證 B暫保單 C保險(xiǎn)單 D投保單（D ）。A一般財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn) B海上貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn) C個(gè)人人壽