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如:We must try our best to help the poor.(我們應該盡力幫助窮人們) / The rich never know how the poor are living.(有錢人哪知窮人怎么過日子)副詞:用來說明事情發(fā)生的時間、地點、原因、方式等含義或說明其它形容詞或副詞程度的詞叫做副詞。例如:A living language should be learned orally(口頭上).(活的語言應該從口頭上學)(被動句) / We have a living hope that you will succeed.(我們強烈地希望你能成功) / Is she still alive?(她還活著嗎?) / They are the happiest children alive.(他們是活著的最開心的孩子) / This is a live fish.(這是條活魚) / A live wire(電線) is dangerous.(有電的電線是危險的) / She is as lively as a kitten(小貓).(她像小貓一樣可愛) / He gave a lively description of the football match.(他生動地描述了那場足球賽)⒂ sick與ill區(qū)別:sick和ill都表示“生病的”,但是,sick可以做定語、表語,而ill只能做表語。如:My fever(高燒) is gone, but I still have a cough.(發(fā)燒消退了,但我仍然咳嗽) / The parents found the lost child at last.(家長終于找到了迷路的孩子) / My dictionary is ’s taken it away?(我的字典不見了,誰拿走了?) / For more detailed information(詳情) of the missing girls, please visit our website(網址).(如果想知道失蹤女孩們的詳情,請訪問我們的網站) ⒁ living、alive、live、lively的區(qū)別:四個詞都來源于動詞live“生活、居住”。另外,special還可以表示特別的目的。如:The other students are on the playground.(其他學生在操場上) / Who else can work out this maths problem?(還有誰能解出著道數(shù)學題?) / This is nobody else’s money. It’s mine.(這不是別的什么人的錢,是我的。如:After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.(匆匆地吃過早飯,他朝學校趕去,卻把書包忘記在家) / A train is much faster than a bus.(火車比公共汽車快得多) / His father will be back to China very soon.(他父親很快就要返回中國)⑽lonely與alone:lonely是表示心理活動的形容詞,意思是:“孤獨的,寂寞的”,作定語或表語;alone的意思是:“獨自的,單獨的”,指無人陪伴,僅作表語,(作為副詞的alone可作狀語)。如:Let’s go and share(分享) the nice cake.(我們去分享那塊美味的蛋糕吧) / She is a nice girl.(他是個漂亮的姑娘) / What a fine day!(多好的天氣!) /He’s fine recently(最近).(近來他身體不錯)⑻ too much與much too:too much表示“太多的”,修飾事物數(shù)量;much too表示“太過,過分”,修飾形容詞或副詞。如:I have never seen such a foolish(愚蠢的) boy.(我從來沒有見過這么蠢的男孩) / He had such a terrible accident that he could never forget it.(他遭遇了這么可怕的事故,他永遠也不會忘記)⑹ good與well:表示“好”時,作定語或表語用good,作狀語用well;表示“(身體)好”:Doing sports is good for us.(進行運動對我們有益) / Study well and make progress every day.(好好學習,天天向上) / How are you?—I am very well.(你好嗎?我很好。如:This is a real diamond(鉆石) and it’s very expensive.(這是貨真價實的鉆石,非常貴) / Is that true?—Yes. I heard it with my own ears.(那真實嗎? 是的,我親耳所聽)⑷ interested與interesting的區(qū)別:interesting指人或東西“有趣的”,作定語或表語,而interested則表示人對別的事物“感興趣的”,只能作表語。如:He was busy the whole morning.(整個早晨他都很忙) / He can remember all the words he learns.(他能記住學過的所有單詞)⑵ tall與high, short與low:指人的個子時用tall與short;指其他事物時一般用high與low。如:He’s metres tall.(。如:We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我們必須盡力保持我們的環(huán)境清潔)⑷后置的情況:①修飾復合不定代詞時放在代詞之后。如:a big yellow wooden wheel(一個黃色的大木輪)⑵作表語時放在連系動詞之后。形容詞的句法作用:作句子中名詞的定語、句子的表語以及賓語補足語。 ⒆ in Chinese/English,etc.。 ⒄ on/in time。 ⒂ in / out of hospital。 ⒀ in front of。 ⑾ go to school/bed。 ⑼ at night/noon/midnight。 ⑺ at / from home。 ⑸ at / to sea。 ⑶in / to / out of / into bed。如:⑴ at / to / from / out of / after / for school。如:The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩子們星期六下午踢足球)(8) 城市的重要/主要建筑物名稱前不用。如:We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我們在家吃早飯,在校吃午飯)(6) 節(jié)、假日前一般不用。如:He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) / They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他們通常在山上植樹)(4) (第一次使用)復數(shù)名詞表示人或事物的類別時不用。如:China is a very large country.(中國是個大國) / Man needs air and water.(人類需要空氣和水) (2) 名詞前已有指示、物主或不定代詞作定語時不用。如:Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去長得一樣)(12)幾個用定冠詞的習語:at the same time (與此同時),make the bed(鋪床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(順便說一下),on the way(在路上)等等。如:He is from the United States of America.(他來自美利堅合眾國)(10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如:He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五歲時他開始拉小提琴)(8) 用在江河、海洋、山脈等名稱的前面。)(6) 在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級的前面。)(5) 用在表示方位的名詞前面。)(4) 表示世界上獨一無二的事物。)(3) 復述前面提到過的人或事物。如:The man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(手上拿著一朵花的男人是杰克)(2) 指談話雙方都熟悉的人或事物。定冠詞the的用法:定冠詞the用在可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或復數(shù)或不可數(shù)的名詞前面。如:There is a table and four chairs in that diningroom.(在那個餐廳里有一張桌子和四把椅子。如:He is a teacher of English.(他是英語教師。)(不能譯為:一頭大象比一個人強壯。)(2) 表示某類人或事物,以區(qū)別于其他種類。不定冠詞的基本用法:(1) 表示某一個人或東西,但不具體說明何人或何物。 不定冠詞a / an的用法:不定冠詞a / an用在單數(shù)名詞的前面,a用在輔音開頭的詞前面。如:The third lesson is rather difficult.(第三課相當難)/ Shall we read the text a third time?(我們把課文讀第三遍,好嗎?)五、冠詞冠詞分類及讀法: 英語中冠詞有不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種,常放在名詞的前面,用來限定名詞的意義,起泛指或特指的作用。 →Page Five。 10:45→ ten fortyfive或a quarter to eleven.表示編號:Room 105→Room one 0 five。 1976 : nineteen seventysix.表示日期: 12月1日: first of December;2002年11月8日: Nov. 8th, 2002.表示時刻: 5:15→ five fifteen或a quarter past five 。 3/4→ three quarters 。 1/2→ a half 。 2/3→ two thirds 。如:thirtysixth,(2) 使用序數(shù)詞時一般加定冠詞the. 如:I’m in the third grade.(3) 序數(shù)詞作“幾分之幾”講時,有復數(shù)形式。 英語的序數(shù)詞基本變法: (1) 一般在基數(shù)詞后加th,(2)ve結尾的改為fth,(3)ty結尾的改為tieth,(4)熟記特殊詞。用作名詞時復數(shù)表示“成…上…”,后面必須要有of,前面可以加上some,many,several等詞。(2)英語用千、百萬等單位計數(shù),大數(shù)字從右向左看, 每隔三位劃一逗號,倒數(shù)第一個逗號之前要用thousand,倒數(shù)第二個逗號之前要用million,倒數(shù)第三的逗號之前要用billion表示?;鶖?shù)詞:表示數(shù)目的詞叫基數(shù)詞。如:Who is (are) in that playhouse?(誰在游戲房里?) / What is that? (那是什么?)/ What are those? (那些是什么?) / What colours do they have?(它們有哪些顏色?)初一代詞練習:1.— Judy, is this _______ mobile phone or Helen’s?— It’s ________. A. your, mine B. your, my C. you, mine D. you, my四、數(shù)詞: 分類:數(shù)詞有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。如: Who is that man?(那男的是誰?) / What colour are their hats?(他們的帽子是什么顏色?) / Which car was made in Germany?(哪輛車是德國造的?)(被動句) 注意這個提問:The man in the car is my father.(車里的男人是我父親)→Which man is your father?(哪個男人是你的父親?)which除了可以詢問指代的情況之外,還可以針對說明人物的時間、地點、歲數(shù)、顏色、大小、狀況等進行提問??谡Z中也常用who代替whom作賓語,但在介詞后則只能用whom。)疑問代詞:用來提出問題的代詞稱為疑問代詞。如: We must help each other when we are in trouble.(我們身處困境時要互相幫助。each other表示兩者之間,而one anther表示許多人之間。)相互代詞:表示相互關系的詞叫相互代詞。如:No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(沒有人知道他是怎樣搞到那張票的) / Nobody handed in his/their position(s) yesterday.(昨天沒有一個人交作文。) / I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要寫) / I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在購物方面我花費了大量的時間/金錢。如:A lot of people think that time is money.(許多的人認為時間就是金錢。 a number of / large numbers of只可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式(它修飾的詞作主語時謂語用復數(shù)形式)可以換為some、many、a lot of、plenty