【正文】 obligation 法定之債 legal obligation 任意之債 voluntary obligation 簡單之債 simple obligation 選擇之債 alternative obligation 主債 prime/principal obligation 從債 accessory obligation 單一之債 single obligation 按份之債 several obligation 連帶之債 joint obligation 特定之債 certain obligation 種類之債 indefinite obligation 合同之債 contractual obligation 侵權(quán)行為之債 tort obligation 損害賠償之債 obligation of pensation for injury。 liability。 offeree 給付 give。 claim。 right of pledge 佃權(quán) tenant right 債權(quán) jus in personam。 estate under mortgage 抵押權(quán)的效力 deffect of right to mortgage 抵押權(quán)的次序 sequence of right to mortgage 抵押權(quán)的拋棄 abandonment of right to mortgage 抵押權(quán)的讓與 alienation of right to mortgage 抵押權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn) materialization of right to mortgage 抵押權(quán)的消滅 extinction of right to mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage 抵押物登記 registration of estate under mortgage 抵押優(yōu)先權(quán) priority of mortgage 留置權(quán) lien 一般留置權(quán) general lien 特別留置權(quán) special lien 質(zhì)權(quán) hypotheque。 hypothecation。 easement 人役權(quán) servitus personarum。 relatedright 地上權(quán) superficies 永佃權(quán) jus emphyteuticum。 right of use 土地使用權(quán) right to the use of land 林權(quán) forest ownership 采礦權(quán) mining ownership 經(jīng)營權(quán) managerial authority。 right to yields 處分權(quán) right of disposing。 equitable ownership 使用權(quán) right of use。 title 所有權(quán)憑證 document of title。 right of full ownership 所有權(quán) dominium。 ownerless goods 遺失物 lost property 漂流物 drifting object 埋藏物 fortuna。 an accessory thing 原物 original thing 孳息 fruits 天然孳息 natural fruits 法定孳息 legal fruits 無主物 bona vacatia。 indivisible things 主物 res capitalis。 indefinite thing 可分物 res divisibiles。 real estate 特定物 res certae。 floating asset 動(dòng)產(chǎn) movables。 a thing in merce 限制流通物 limited merchantable thing 禁止流通物 res extra mercium。 right in rem system 一物一權(quán)原則 the principal of One thing, One Right 物權(quán)法定主義 principal of legality of right in rem 物權(quán)公示原則 principal of public summons of right in rem 物權(quán)法 jus rerem 物 property 生產(chǎn)資料 raw material for production 生活資料 means of livelihood。 right in rem。 restitution of original state 賠償損失 pensate for a loss。 willfulness 過失 negligence 重大過失 gross negligence 疏忽大意的過失 careless and inadvertent negligence 過于自信的過失 negligence with undue assumption 損害事實(shí) facts of damage 有形損失 tangible damage/loss 無形損失 intangible damage/loss 財(cái)產(chǎn)損失 property damage/loss 人身損失 personal damage/loss 精神損失 spiritual damage/loss 民事責(zé)任承擔(dān)方式 methods of bearing civil liability 停止侵害 cease the infringing act 排除妨礙 exclusion of hindrance。 malice 故意 deliberate intention。 negligent liability 過錯(cuò)責(zé)任 fault liability。 remission 轉(zhuǎn)致 transmission 識(shí)別 identification 公共秩序保留 reserve of public order 法律規(guī)避 evasion of law 國籍 nationality 國有化 nationalization 法律責(zé)任 legal liability 民事責(zé)任 civil liability/responsibility 行政責(zé)任 administrative liability/responsibility 刑事責(zé)任 criminal liability/responsibility 違約責(zé)任 liability of breach of contract。 termination of prescription 期日 date 期間 term 涉外民事關(guān)系 civil relations with foreign elements 沖突規(guī)范 rule of conflict 準(zhǔn)據(jù)法 applicable law。 prescription。 apparent agency 律師代理 agency by lawyer 普通代理 general agency 全權(quán)代理 general agency 全權(quán)代理委托書 general power of attorney 共同代理 joint agency 獨(dú)家代理 sole agency 居間 brokerage 居間人 broker 行紀(jì) mission。 unlawful act 侵權(quán)行為 tort 欺詐 fraud 脅迫 duress 乘人之危 taking advantage of others’ precarious position 以合法形式掩蓋非法目的 legal form concealing illegal intention 惡意串通 malicious collaboration 重大誤解 gross misunderstanding 顯失公平 obvious unjust 誤傳 misrepresentation 代理 agency 本人 principal 被代理人 principal 受托人 trustee 代理人 agent 本代理人 original agent 法定代理人 statutory agent。 proprietorship 法人 legal person 企業(yè)法人 legal body of enterprise 企業(yè)集團(tuán) group of enterprise 關(guān)聯(lián)企業(yè) affiliate enterprise 個(gè)人獨(dú)資企業(yè) individual business establishment 國有獨(dú)資企業(yè) solely stateowned enterprise 中外合資企業(yè) Sinoforeign joint venture enterprise 中外合作企業(yè) Sinoforeign contractual enterprise 社團(tuán)法人 legal body of mass organization 財(cái)團(tuán)法人 legal body of financial group 聯(lián)營 joint venture 法人型聯(lián)營 association of legal persons 合伙型聯(lián)營 coordinated management in partnership 協(xié)作型聯(lián)營 cooperationtype coordinated management 合作社 cooperative 民事法律行為 civil legal act 單方民事法律行為 unilateral civil legal act 雙方民事法律行為 bilateral civil legal act 多方民事法律行為 joint act civil legal act 有償民事法律行為 civil legal act with consideration 無償民事法律行為 civil legal act without consideration。 consensus 完全行為能力 perfect capacity for act 限制行為能力 restrictive capacity for act 準(zhǔn)禁治產(chǎn)人 quasiinterdicted person 保佐 protection 自治產(chǎn)人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 無行為能力 incapacity for act 禁治產(chǎn)人 interdicted person 自然人 natural person 公民 citizen 住所 domicile 居所 residence 經(jīng)常居住地 frequently dwelling place 戶籍 census register 監(jiān)護(hù) guardianship 個(gè)體工商戶 individual business 農(nóng)村承包經(jīng)營戶 leaseholding rural household 合伙 partnership 合伙人 partner 合伙協(xié)議 partnership agreement 合伙財(cái)產(chǎn) property of partnership 合伙債務(wù) debt of partnership 入伙 join partnership 退伙 withdrawal from partnership 合伙企業(yè) partnership business establishment 個(gè)人合伙 partnership 法人合伙 partnership of legal person 特別合伙 special partnership 普通合伙 general partnership 有限合伙 limited partnership 民事合伙 civil partnership 隱名合伙 sleeping partnership。 ligitimate defence 防衛(wèi)行為 act of defence 自為行為 selfconducting act 緊急避險(xiǎn) act of rescue。 law of equity 日爾曼法 Germantic law 教會(huì)法 ecclesiastical law 寺院法 canon law 伊斯蘭法 Islamic law 民法法律規(guī)范 norm of civil law 授權(quán)規(guī)范 authorization norm 禁止規(guī)范 forbidding norm 義務(wù)性規(guī)范 obligatory norm 命令性規(guī)范 manding norm 民法基本原則 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原則 principle of equality 自愿原則 principle of free will 公平原則 principle of justice 等價(jià)有償原則 principle of equal value exchange 誠實(shí)信用原則 principle of good faith 行為 act 作為 act 不作為 omission 合法行為 lawful act 違法行為 unlawful act 民事權(quán)利權(quán)利能力 civil right 絕對權(quán) absolute right 相對權(quán) relative right 優(yōu)先權(quán) right of priority 先買權(quán) preemption 原權(quán) antecedent right 救濟(jì)權(quán) right of relief 支配權(quán) right