【正文】 15)The following memorandum is from the business manager of Happy Pancake House restaurants.Recently,butter has been replaced by margarine in Happy Pancake House restaurants throughout the southwestern United change,however,has had little impact on our fact,only about 2 percent of customers have plained,indicating that an average of 98 people out of 100 are happy with the ,many servers have reported that a number of customers who ask for butter do not plain when they are given margarine ,either these customers do not distinguish butter from 。根據(jù)對(duì)這些廣告公司的研究，那些公司高管報(bào)告說每天睡眠不足6小時(shí)的公司利潤(rùn)更高并且發(fā)展更快。這些結(jié)果表明如果公司想蓬勃發(fā)展，他們就必須只雇傭那些每天睡眠不足6小時(shí)的管理人員。14)The following appeared as part of an article in a business magazine.A recent study rating 300 male and female Mentian advertising executives according to the average number of hours they sleep per night showed an association between the amount of sleep the executives need and the success of their the advertising firms studied,those whose executives reported needing no more than 6 hours of sleep per night had higher profit margins and faster results suggest that if a business wants to prosper,it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night.Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.最近一項(xiàng)根據(jù)每天平均睡眠時(shí)間，對(duì)300名m市廣告公司男女高管調(diào)查顯示出了高管們所需的睡眠時(shí)間與他們公司成功與否的關(guān)聯(lián)。所以p市應(yīng)該采用b市5年前相同的道路改善計(jì)劃：增加車道寬度，重新鋪設(shè)不平路面以及改善危險(xiǎn)交叉路口的能見度。13)In an attempt to improve highway safety,Prunty County last year lowered its speed limit from 55 to 45 miles per hour on all county this effort has failed:the number of accidents has not decreased,and,based on reports by the highway patrol,many drivers are exceeding the speed County should instead undertake the same kind of road improvement project that Butler County pleted five years ago:increasing lane widths,resurfacing rough highways,and improving visibility at dangerous ,major Butler County roads still have a 55 mph speed limit,yet there were 25 percent fewer reported accidents in Butler County this past year than there were five years ago.Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.為了提升高速公路的安全性，p市去年把所有高速公路的限速由55降到了45。因此，Omega的畢業(yè)生找工作時(shí)沒有鄰近的Alpha大學(xué)畢業(yè)生成功。從那以后，Omega的教授開始給予學(xué)生更高的分?jǐn)?shù)，Omega的學(xué)生成績(jī)總平均上升了30％。]12)Fifteen years ago,Omega University implemented a new procedure that encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their that time,Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes,and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by 30 employers,looking at this dramatic rise in grades,believe that grades at Omega are inflated and do not accurately reflect student achievement。[說明寫一篇文章闡述一些需要回答的問題以判斷論證過程以及建立在此論證過程基礎(chǔ)上的預(yù)測(cè)是否合理。但是該措施的反對(duì)者們也指出十五年前Pine County對(duì)其新建住宅的發(fā)展進(jìn)行了限制后來那里的房?jī)r(jià)上漲了不止一倍。但是理事會(huì)同樣擔(dān)心這種對(duì)新住房供給的限制可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致該縣房?jī)r(jià)的猛漲。11)The council of Maple County,concerned about the county39。我的這次研究證明F博士關(guān)于T島鄉(xiāng)村文化的結(jié)論是錯(cuò)的，因此這種以觀察為主的文化研習(xí)方式也是無效的。s conclusion about Tertian village culture is invalid and thus that the observationcentered approach to studying cultures is invalid as interviewcentered method that my team of graduate students is currently using in Tertia will establish a much more accurate understanding of childrearing traditions there and in other island cultures.Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.20年前，知名人類學(xué)F博士訪問了T島，并從他的觀察中得出結(jié)論：T島的孩子是由整個(gè)村子撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大而不是他們的親生父母。由于我那些在T目前調(diào)研的研究生們正是采用我的采訪為主的方法，所以他們將會(huì)對(duì)T島孩子撫養(yǎng)傳統(tǒng)已經(jīng)其他島嶼文化給出更加精確的了解。然而，我最近對(duì)生活在T島以及周邊一些島嶼的兒童采訪顯示，他們?cè)谡勗捴姓劦剿麄兡仉p親的時(shí)間遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于談到村莊里其他成年人。21)The following appeared in an article written by ,an anthropologist.Twenty years ago,a noted anthropologist,visited the island of Tertia and concluded from his observations that children in Tertia were reared by an entire village rather than by their own biological ,my recent interviews with children living in the group of islands that includes Tertia show that these children spend much more time talking about their biological parents than about other adults in the research of mine proves that 39。然而，另一位人類學(xué)家K最近對(duì)生活在T島以及周邊一些島嶼的兒童采訪顯示，他們?cè)谡勗捴姓劦剿麄兡仉p親的時(shí)間遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于談到村莊里其他成年人。10)Twenty years ago,a noted anthropologist,visited the island of an observationcentered approach to studying Tertian culture,he concluded from his observations that children in Tertia were reared by an entire village rather than by their own biological another anthropologist,visited the group of islands that includes Tertia and used the interviewcentered method to study childrearing the interviews that conducted with children living in this group of islands,the children spent much more time talking about their biological parents than about other adults in the decided that 39。當(dāng)?shù)匾患铱刁w俱樂部現(xiàn)在的會(huì)員比以往任何時(shí)