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畢業(yè)論文-五芳園小區(qū)epon光纖接入網(wǎng)規(guī)劃設計(參考版)

2025-01-24 20:19本頁面
  

【正文】 Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead of running away o。既然如此,何不嘗試打開心門,擁抱生活中的各種可能,讓世界感化我們呢? Whenever we start to let our fears and seriousness get the best of us, we should take a step back and reevaluate our behavior. The items listed below are six ways you can open your heart more fully and ,我們應該退后一步,重新反思自己的言行。 instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. We try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesn’t exist, but although we can try this all we want, in the end, we can’t hide from ourselves. We need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften ,我們常常會關上心門;世界不僅沒能慰藉我們,反倒使我們更加消沉。t want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already can39。t really grow up, it seems is not so important。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?  而窮盡我們的一生,又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可? During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional??傆X得自己似乎應該去做點什么,或者寫點什么。 May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do 。s actions. CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toure39。s 21 win. Michel Platini, president of European football39。for the racist behaviour of their fans durings about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was. Uefa hass 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City39。Employment tribunals. The (lack of) air up there Watch m Cay man Islandsbased Webb, the head of Fifa39。To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by , click ont charge you more than 35% of your pensationagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any pensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are plaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i. If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your pensation if you win the case. This is known as atFurther help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seet agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the organisations listed under參考文獻[1] 胡保民,劉德明,黃德修.EPON:下一代寬帶光接入網(wǎng)[J].光通信研究,2002[2] (北京),2009[3] (光通信),2007[4] 楊艷紅雖然,對于EPON接入網(wǎng)有很一定的了解,但沒有我的老師和同學的幫助,也沒有今天我所取得的成績。通過這次畢設的寫作,我學習了很多大學生涯難以學到的實用知識和技能。因此,本規(guī)劃設計可以為五芳園小區(qū)的接入改進提供可靠理論與實踐依據(jù)。五芳園小區(qū)已經(jīng)達到預期的接入目的,滿足了小區(qū)用戶的基本業(yè)務需求。本規(guī)劃采用了基于以太網(wǎng)的無源光線接入技術。結論通過對本小區(qū)的用戶數(shù)目和業(yè)務需要,進行了詳細的調(diào)查研究。OLT在T1時刻發(fā)送時間標簽T1,ONU收到后會將自己的時鐘計數(shù)器替換成T1,在T2時刻發(fā)送時間標簽T2,ONU收到后也會將自己的時鐘計數(shù)器替換成T2。OLT、ONU都有同頻系統(tǒng)時鐘,OLT以一定的時間給每個ONU發(fā)送當前OLT的時鐘數(shù)值(時間標簽值),ONU收到該時間標簽后,用此標簽值來刷新ONU的當前時間標簽,這樣就保證了ONU以落后于OLT一定的時間同OLT在時間上時同步的。圖517 時間標簽系統(tǒng)同步 由于EPON的上行線路是一個多點到點的網(wǎng)絡結構,并采用TDMA方式傳輸數(shù)據(jù),每個ONU發(fā)送時隙與OLT分配的時隙一致是防止ONU上行數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送碰撞的基礎,故ONU側的時鐘應該與OLT的時鐘同步。 網(wǎng)同步的設計 OLT與ONU的時鐘同步與MPCP時鐘同步 在網(wǎng)絡的運行中,我們都要面對網(wǎng)絡設備的數(shù)據(jù)同步和業(yè)務同步;如果數(shù)據(jù)的不同步或者業(yè)務的不同步,那么就會造成用戶對業(yè)務的需求和數(shù)據(jù)的到達產(chǎn)生時延,對于IP寬度上網(wǎng)的業(yè)務時延是可以容許有的,但是當EPON中運行CATV或者POTS業(yè)務(語音)的時候,那么時延是不能容許有的,或者是在很小的范圍內(nèi)。這種保護方案的重要優(yōu)點是:在正常情況下,主用和備用部分均可用來傳送業(yè)務,也就是PON具有兩倍的容量。樹保護PON所示,它具有整個“樹”型光纖網(wǎng)的冗余。類似的我們可以得出分支組的不可用性為:Ubranch=1(1uonu_Tx)(1uonu_Rx)(1ubranch)式(5-5)這里的uonu_Tx為ONU發(fā)射機的不可用性,uonu_Rx為ONU接收機的不可用性,ubranch為分支光纖的不可用性。定義由主干光纖、OLT發(fā)送機和接收機組成為主干組,由分支光纖、ONU發(fā)送機和接收機組成為分支組,光分路器為獨立的一組。冗余可以是整個PON的冗余,也可以是某一部分的冗余,但是在通信的高要求、高成本的情況下,我們是采用低成本高效率的冗余,而對于將整個PON來進行冗余,那么成本將是很昂貴的,下面將提到4種類型的網(wǎng)絡保護拓撲方式來做比較,比較那種方案最好如圖所示:圖513 主干冗余圖514 OLT PON口冗余圖515 分支冗余圖516 樹冗余 在計算中我們采用Uc表示器件c的不可用性,Ug為一組關聯(lián)器件的不可用性。因此,PON提供了多種不同線路備份、冗余。就可以發(fā)送用戶名和密碼到認證服務器, 認證服務器通過認證后,用戶就可以正常上網(wǎng)了,就是PPPOE撥號成功的全部過程, 這個過程中間,PON只是一個傳輸通道,不參與的IP分配。 順便要提到:IP地址池的分配是城域網(wǎng)的BAS的功能。因為此小區(qū)是作為實驗的目的來運行EPON的,所以我們?yōu)樾^(qū)分配一個C類的地址池。使用私有地址的網(wǎng)絡必須連接到Internet上時,必須將私有地址轉換成公有地址,轉換程序可以是NAT,而執(zhí)行NAT的網(wǎng)絡設備通常是路由器(router)。Internet路由器被配置成丟棄私有地址(即不被路由到公網(wǎng)中)。對于需要IP來支持應用程序或主機的但無需連接到Internet的私有網(wǎng)絡,可以簡單地使用分配給私有用途的地址。但是由于許多私有網(wǎng)絡與公有網(wǎng)絡共存,因此是禁止占用“任意地址”。而要獲取IP地址或地址塊,必須聯(lián)系Internet服務提供商(ISP)。這一機制最初是由InterNIC(Internet網(wǎng)絡信息中心)的組織來負責,后來這一機構演變成為IANA仔細管理IP地址的剩余供應,以確保不會出現(xiàn)公用地址重復的情況。 公有IP地址 Internet的穩(wěn)定性直接取決于公用網(wǎng)絡地址的唯一性。圖510 IP地址范圍 公有和私有IP地址 網(wǎng)絡設備的互聯(lián)是通過Internet彼此連接的,而另一些網(wǎng)絡則是私有的。如果地址的第一個二進制八位數(shù)以128到191之間的值開頭,則它為B類地址。第一個二進制八位數(shù)的其余6為可以填入1和0。B類地址是以32為數(shù)的前兩個二進制八位數(shù)用來表示網(wǎng)絡地址,其余兩個二進制八位數(shù)用來表示主機地址。然而,需要保留網(wǎng)絡號得全0(00000000)和全1(11111111),他們不能用作網(wǎng)絡地址。 圖59 IP地址的分類 A、B、C類地址研究 A類地址只是用32位數(shù)的第一個二進制八位數(shù)來表示網(wǎng)絡地址,而其余三個二進制八位數(shù)用來表示主機地址的。為類分配IP地址稱為有類編址,在早期internet中類是有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)編號指派機構(IANA)確定的,每個IP地址都分為網(wǎng)絡ID和主機ID。在很多大學和重要機構現(xiàn)在都開始用IPV6作為其內(nèi)部網(wǎng)地址編碼;但是在EPON通信網(wǎng)絡中還是主要用的是IPV4的地址。 IP地址分配 IP地址概述 IP地址包含許多方面,如構建IP地址的計算、為數(shù)據(jù)到達目的地指定的IP地址類以及公有和私有IP地址。則需光功率預算公式:ONU最小發(fā)射光功率最大光通道損耗=OLT接收靈敏度 式(5-3)其中烽火ONU ,烽火OLT AN511602的接受靈敏度為33dbm。經(jīng)估算距離最遠的ONU為2km。表53 PLC分光器損耗參數(shù)PLC光分路器參數(shù)單位指標1418116132232164插入損耗典型值dB最大值18, 。ODN光通道損耗公式為:光通道損耗=光纖衰耗+光分路器插損+活接頭損耗+死接頭損耗+損耗富余度式(5-2)。PSTN業(yè)務,所耗帶寬很小,可以暫不做計算。五芳園小區(qū)共1728戶,承諾4M給每戶。根據(jù)式帶寬計算
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