【正文】 s time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If it rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh 19 lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sisterinlaw. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for pany. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulang39。 ll wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the weeklong holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the uping Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the remended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan — Hailar — Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the SinoMongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of geous colors all the year round the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the country39。 本文在撰寫(xiě)過(guò)程中曾參考、引用許多資料并得到有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)作者觀點(diǎn)和思想的啟示，在此也一并表示謝忱。我不會(huì)辜負(fù)他們的，我將會(huì)用我的實(shí)際行動(dòng)來(lái)回報(bào)他們。導(dǎo)師平時(shí)工作非常繁忙，但她還是抽出了許多寶貴的時(shí)間，對(duì)我平時(shí)遞交的論文進(jìn)行認(rèn)真不厭其煩地批閱、修改、指正。論文從選題、構(gòu)思、寫(xiě)作、修改直到最后的定稿，無(wú)不凝聚著導(dǎo)師的關(guān)懷和指導(dǎo)。古人云：師者，傳到授業(yè)解惑也?；仡欉@四年的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間里，我獲益良多，感慨頗深！ 在本論文完成之際，太多感慨難以言表，想到那么多的人值得我感謝！這篇論文的完成，算是給自己和家人、師長(zhǎng)和朋友們一個(gè)交代，為自己的大學(xué)四年畫(huà)上了一個(gè)圓滿的句號(hào)。從本文是我經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的研究，參考了很多前輩的研究成果但仍然是偏向于代 表本人的一些個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)可能會(huì)比較片面，希望得到大家的批評(píng)指正，以后有多余的時(shí)間一定會(huì)繼續(xù)研究綠色貿(mào)易壁壘對(duì)我國(guó)貿(mào)易的影響這一課題，希望可以為國(guó)際貿(mào)易的正常發(fā)展盡自己的一點(diǎn)綿薄之力。盡可能去協(xié)調(diào)我國(guó)與世界上農(nóng)業(yè)進(jìn)出口發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的一些貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端，以促進(jìn)我國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品更好地生產(chǎn)和出口。從改革開(kāi)放到加入 WTO，我國(guó)在一步步與世界接軌，那么我們作為 農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó)，我國(guó)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口到發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家自然要受到他國(guó)以他國(guó)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)檢驗(yàn)，使得我國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口受到一定的挫折。 結(jié) 論 隨著人們對(duì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題關(guān)注的程度越來(lái)越深，保護(hù)和改善環(huán)境已經(jīng)是大勢(shì)所趨。擴(kuò)大綠色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)和出口 ,將會(huì)進(jìn)一步提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量安全水平 ,優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu) ,帶動(dòng)農(nóng)民增收 ,也成為我國(guó)突破農(nóng)產(chǎn)品綠色貿(mào)易壁壘的主要措施 ,因此 ,我國(guó)農(nóng) 產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)應(yīng)積極建立綠色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)基地 ,從農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的綠色生產(chǎn)加工到綠色設(shè)計(jì)、綠色包裝 ,都要達(dá)到生態(tài)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、綠色標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。對(duì)產(chǎn)品實(shí)行“從田間到餐桌”全程質(zhì)量控制。 綠色產(chǎn)品 ,又稱環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)產(chǎn)品 ,是遵循可持續(xù)發(fā)展原則、按照特定生產(chǎn)方式生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)專門機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)定的無(wú)污染的優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品。 I5014000 適用于一切企業(yè)的新環(huán)境管理體系 ,是當(dāng)前國(guó)際通用的最權(quán)威、最廣泛、最有影響力的環(huán)保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一 ,它是企業(yè)進(jìn)入國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的綠卡 ,被稱為國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的“綠色通行證”。農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工的龍頭企業(yè)在我國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口中占據(jù)著重要的位置 ,是我國(guó)出口農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的主力軍。在生產(chǎn)上 ,龍頭企業(yè)占據(jù)著相對(duì)較為集中的市場(chǎng)資源和信息資源 ,資金相對(duì)雄 厚 ,科研能力較強(qiáng) ,能發(fā)揮生產(chǎn)加工和市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷的優(yōu)勢(shì) ,能夠引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民根據(jù)市場(chǎng)需求確定生產(chǎn)品種 ,并提供必要的資金、技術(shù)和相應(yīng)的管理 ,幫助農(nóng)戶合理地進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整 。 ，扶植農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口龍頭企業(yè) 入世后 ,我國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口面臨激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng) ,如何迎擊國(guó)外農(nóng)產(chǎn)品“沖進(jìn)來(lái)” ,加快我國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品“走出去”的步伐 ,培育農(nóng)產(chǎn)品龍頭企業(yè) ,發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化可以實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)的規(guī)模化和集約化 ,進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化升級(jí)。 （三）企業(yè)方面 對(duì)于我國(guó)從事出口行為的企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō) ,一方面要積極調(diào)整出口產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu) ,利用出口市場(chǎng)多元化的方式來(lái)分擔(dān)市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。同時(shí) ,發(fā)展農(nóng)產(chǎn)品行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)是提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)組織化程度的重要途徑 ,由于缺少對(duì)國(guó)際綠色壁壘信息的收集和分析 ,企 業(yè)個(gè)體很難對(duì)貿(mào)易風(fēng)險(xiǎn)做出評(píng)定 ,而行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)可以通過(guò)定期收集國(guó)內(nèi)外農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供需、統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)等信息 ,及時(shí)整理和跟蹤國(guó)外的綠色壁壘措施 ,為農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)提供綠色壁壘的咨詢和法律服務(wù)工作 ,幫助企業(yè)熟悉國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的具體要求。 ,協(xié)助解決貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端 我國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)作為企業(yè)和政府間的中介組織 ,在協(xié)助制定行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ,保證出口產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量以及溝通政府和企業(yè)的關(guān)系 ,協(xié)助政府解決貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端方面起著重要作用 ,總之 ,政府、協(xié)會(huì)、企業(yè)三者各有其位 ,相輔相成。重點(diǎn)針對(duì)我國(guó)優(yōu)勢(shì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品 ,特別是對(duì)水產(chǎn)品、茶葉等主要出口農(nóng)產(chǎn)品有關(guān)進(jìn)口國(guó)所指定的綠色貿(mào)易壁壘的要求 ,建立與完善有關(guān)信息數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) ,為國(guó)內(nèi)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口企業(yè)提供動(dòng)態(tài)、及時(shí)、有效的信息服務(wù) ,及時(shí)向有關(guān)企業(yè)進(jìn)行預(yù)警通報(bào) ,增強(qiáng)應(yīng)對(duì)綠色貿(mào)易壁壘的快速反應(yīng)能力。 （二）行業(yè)方面 ,提高應(yīng)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力 近年來(lái) ,由于綠色貿(mào)易壁壘的阻礙導(dǎo)致我國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口遭拒、退貨、扣押、索賠等現(xiàn)象十分突出 ,嚴(yán)重影響到出口企業(yè)和農(nóng)戶的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。 （ 2）加快農(nóng)產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系的建設(shè) 雖然我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作已取得了一定的成績(jī)，但離國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求還有很長(zhǎng)一段距離，這就要求我們加強(qiáng)對(duì)國(guó) 際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的研究和采用，從而建立一套既與國(guó)際慣例相接軌又符合我國(guó)國(guó)情的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系。通過(guò)立法程序?qū)?guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)變?yōu)閲?guó)家標(biāo) 13 準(zhǔn) ,并以法律、法規(guī)形式確定下來(lái)。 （ 1）制定和完善國(guó)內(nèi)相應(yīng)的環(huán)境法規(guī) 我國(guó)應(yīng)加快建立健全環(huán)境保護(hù)法律法規(guī)的步伐，逐步縮小與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)水平的差距。對(duì)于進(jìn)口國(guó)以環(huán)保為借口單方面設(shè)置的綠色壁壘，我國(guó)要通過(guò)外交途徑與進(jìn)口國(guó)談判，或向 WTO 的爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)構(gòu)提出訴訟。中國(guó)作為一個(gè)世界上最大的發(fā)展中的經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易大國(guó)，應(yīng)努力在現(xiàn)在國(guó)家綠色貿(mào)易體系的形成及公共選擇中代表發(fā)展中國(guó)家，在國(guó)際環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、綠色標(biāo)志的指定，選擇各種政治途徑和解決機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)發(fā)展中國(guó)家利益集團(tuán)的相對(duì)力量和合力，以維護(hù)作為發(fā)展中國(guó)家的綠色貿(mào)易集團(tuán)的利益。培育龍頭企業(yè)，還有利于創(chuàng)造自己的品牌，提升農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的出口能力。 （ 2）重點(diǎn)扶持農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口龍頭企業(yè) 龍頭企業(yè)是農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化的支柱，龍頭企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模和水平，決定著整個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化鏈的規(guī)模和水平，龍頭企業(yè)的建設(shè)是農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。我國(guó)各級(jí)政府以及有關(guān)職能部門應(yīng)在充分研究、利用 WTO 政策的前提下，調(diào)整現(xiàn)有的國(guó)內(nèi)支持政策，把農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)內(nèi)支持的重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到提高農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力上，為農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口突破國(guó)外綠色壁壘提供強(qiáng)有力的支持。 完善農(nóng)業(yè)支持保護(hù)體系，從根本上為農(nóng)業(yè)強(qiáng)筋壯骨。 （