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畢業(yè)論文-碳關(guān)稅對我國外貿(mào)出口的影響及對策分析(參考版)

2025-01-19 22:10本頁面
  

【正文】 s misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BCAD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters39。s largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightlycolored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country es earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as it39。 16 為你提供優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)論文參考資料,請您刪除以下內(nèi)容, O(∩_∩)O 謝謝?。?! 2 Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the sevenday Chinese 為你提供優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)參考資料,請您刪除一下內(nèi)容, O(∩_∩)O 謝謝?。。?National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may bee more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and acmodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also mon that you39。 最后,感謝幫助過我的眾多學(xué)長、同學(xué)、朋友,他們在我完成論文期間對本論文中不同章節(jié)提出了許多非常有價(jià)值的意見和建議,如果沒有這些寶貴的意見和建議,我的論文不會如此順利的完成?!懊麕熤?,誠為過于天地,重于父母”,對路 老師的感激之情我無法用言語表達(dá),在此向路老師致以最崇高的敬意和最真誠的謝意! 其次,感謝我的父母對我養(yǎng)育之恩,是他們的無私奉獻(xiàn)讓我順利的完成了學(xué)業(yè),他們的鼓勵與支持是 我前進(jìn)的動力。導(dǎo)師淵博的知識、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)求實(shí)的治學(xué)風(fēng)范、寬廣謙和的胸襟,是我一生的財(cái)富,令我終生受益。本文是在路老師的悉心指導(dǎo)下完成的。 首先,感謝我的論文指導(dǎo)老師路榮老師。 14 參 考 文 獻(xiàn) [1]沈可挺.碳關(guān)稅爭端及其對中國制造業(yè)的影響[ J].中國工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì), 2022, ( 1): 6574. [2]張曙霄,郭沛. “碳關(guān)稅 ”的兩重性分析[ J].經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家, 2022,( 10): 3541. [3]藍(lán)慶新.國際碳關(guān)稅的發(fā)展趨勢及對我國潛在影響分析[ J].中國延安干部學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào), 2022,( 6):7377. [4]邱嘉鋒,梁宵. “碳關(guān)稅 ”對我國外貿(mào)出口的影響及對策建議[ J].經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)動態(tài), 2022,( 8): 4245. [5]朱海玲,王小 艷.綠色 GDP 與低碳貿(mào)易的發(fā)展[ M].北京:經(jīng)濟(jì)科學(xué)出版社, 2022. [6]朱鵬飛.后京都時(shí)代的碳關(guān)稅制度及其對我國的啟示[ J].新疆社會科學(xué), 2022,( 5): 6166. [7]王爽,于巧麗.碳關(guān)稅對中國外貿(mào)影響的兩重性分析[ J].經(jīng)濟(jì)研究導(dǎo)刊, 2022,( 27): 2324. [8]陳松洲.我國對外貿(mào)易摩擦頻繁爆發(fā)的原因探析[ J].學(xué)術(shù)論壇, 2022,( 2): 142146. [9]施姝婧,黃良軍.從貿(mào)易與環(huán)境的視角辨析碳關(guān)稅的合法性[ J].行政與法, 2022,( 9): 122126. [10]李欣 亮,胡曉琳,王峰.論我國應(yīng)對碳關(guān)稅貿(mào)易壁壘的對策[ J].特區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì), 2022,( 2): 243244. [11]劉宇.發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)維度下碳關(guān)稅問題探析[ J].重慶科技學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會科學(xué)版): 2022,( 20):4446. [12]王海峰. WTO 視野下的碳關(guān)稅制度分析[ J].國際貿(mào)易, 2022,( 3): 2429. [13]王躍生,焦芳.低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)背景下我國對外貿(mào)易發(fā)展模式的轉(zhuǎn)變[ J].河北經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 2022,( 6). [14]韓利琳.我國企業(yè)應(yīng)對碳關(guān)稅貿(mào)易壁壘的對策研究[ J].中國商貿(mào), 2022,( 10b): 207208. [15]陳松洲.綠色貿(mào)易壁壘對我國出口貿(mào)易的影響及對策[ J].華南師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會科學(xué)版》,2022,( 1): 145147. [16]高興霞. “碳關(guān)稅 ”壁壘的立體透視及對策[ J].會計(jì)之友, 2022,( 4 下): 102103. [17]吳慧.基于局部均衡視角的碳關(guān)稅壁壘對我國出口影響的實(shí)證分析[ J].商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì), 2022,( 10):8385. [18]DongY.,gPaper, ,2022. 15 致 謝 “書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟”,四年的大學(xué)本科學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間過得很快,回首四年親歷的種種,可以說無論是意志力還是理論基礎(chǔ),都得到了磨練與提高。 作為全球重要的制造業(yè)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)加工和出口基地 ,我國要順應(yīng)國際潮流 ,以碳關(guān)稅為契機(jī) ,通過調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)、要素價(jià)格對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式實(shí)施強(qiáng)制性的制度變遷 ,也就是要加速轉(zhuǎn)變我國長期以來沿襲的以高能耗和高碳排放為代價(jià)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和外貿(mào)增長方式 ,大力推進(jìn)我國低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。具體要求做到:以節(jié)能減排作為低碳環(huán)境責(zé)任制度的核心,以碳排放交易作為市場手段,以發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)作為最終社會目標(biāo),以低碳的企業(yè)環(huán)境責(zé)任作為企業(yè)競爭力提升的重要衡量機(jī)制。 在加大科技投入的基礎(chǔ)上,加強(qiáng)企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和提高生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營水平,積極學(xué)習(xí)國外開發(fā)低碳產(chǎn)品的先進(jìn)技術(shù)和成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),通過加快新能源技術(shù)的開發(fā)和應(yīng)用,改進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)能源利用方式,降低能源密集度和碳排放密集度,加強(qiáng)與國外有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)的交流與合作,積極開發(fā)和生產(chǎn)低碳產(chǎn)品。但無論是引進(jìn)國外環(huán)保技術(shù)還是開發(fā)低碳產(chǎn)品,都必須投入大筆資金進(jìn)行研究和開發(fā)。 我國 外貿(mào)出口能效技術(shù)創(chuàng)新 加大科技投入,推進(jìn)能效技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。因此, 企業(yè)要從長遠(yuǎn)出發(fā),適應(yīng)當(dāng)前低碳綠色潮流,拓展融資渠道,多方籌集資金,加大低碳環(huán)保產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)投入,從根本上提高企業(yè)自身的環(huán)保水平,才能在激烈的市場競爭中占據(jù)優(yōu)勢地位。 企業(yè)經(jīng)營的效果很大程度上取決于融資環(huán)境和融資條件,必須有完善的政策和金融支持作后盾,企業(yè)才有可能大膽地去創(chuàng)新,參與綠色貿(mào)易的競爭。面對歐美國家的碳關(guān)稅壁壘,企業(yè)必須按照低碳化要求改進(jìn)產(chǎn)品的生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)工藝和生產(chǎn)過程,實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)經(jīng)營由粗放型向集約可持續(xù)型轉(zhuǎn)變。與環(huán)境有關(guān)的認(rèn)證工作主要有國際環(huán)境管理體系( ISO14000)認(rèn)證和綠色標(biāo)志認(rèn)證等,這類認(rèn)證對企業(yè)具有公證性質(zhì),企業(yè)申請認(rèn)證有利于企業(yè)利益和效率的提高;另一方面,ISO14000 主要關(guān)心產(chǎn)品是否符合環(huán)保法規(guī),是否與承諾一致等問題,是消除綠色貿(mào)易壁壘的有效手段,是我國產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入國際市場的 “ 綠 色通行證 ” 。 12 環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)具有較強(qiáng)的關(guān)聯(lián)效應(yīng),其發(fā)展能夠帶動、引導(dǎo)許多相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,其發(fā)展?jié)摿薮蟆? 外貿(mào)出口 產(chǎn)品環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制度 建立產(chǎn)品環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制度,積極推行與環(huán)境有關(guān)的認(rèn)證工作。企業(yè)環(huán)境成本產(chǎn)中控制應(yīng)著眼于實(shí)現(xiàn)資源的循環(huán),即把傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)的開環(huán)過程變成閉環(huán)過程。企業(yè)環(huán)境成本產(chǎn)前控制就是要在產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)與開發(fā)階段就對環(huán)境成本進(jìn)行控制。出口企業(yè)要使產(chǎn)品占領(lǐng)國外市場,必須控制產(chǎn)品的制造成本,其中包括環(huán)境成本。實(shí)際上,任何產(chǎn)品在生產(chǎn)過程中都離不開環(huán)境所有產(chǎn)品都存在環(huán)境成本的問題,環(huán)境資源的稀缺性決定了必須將環(huán) 境作為一項(xiàng)生產(chǎn)要素,并通過價(jià)格機(jī)制反應(yīng)出來。長期以來,大多數(shù)國家在生產(chǎn)過程中沒有考慮到環(huán)境的外部性造成的市場失靈,使得現(xiàn)行的國際貿(mào)易商品價(jià)格沒有體現(xiàn)環(huán)境成本。此外,還應(yīng)嚴(yán)格控制國際污染廢棄物向我國境內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移。此外,政府應(yīng)加強(qiáng)執(zhí)法隊(duì)伍的建設(shè),提高執(zhí)法質(zhì)量。因此,我國可以借鑒國外征收碳稅的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),根 據(jù)我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的實(shí)際,綜合考慮我國的國際競爭力和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略需要,建立國內(nèi)的碳排放稅制度,在我國的法律制度中體現(xiàn)環(huán)境保護(hù)、生態(tài)平衡和國際貿(mào)易三者的統(tǒng)一,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)保護(hù)環(huán)境和促進(jìn)國際貿(mào)易增長的雙贏。根據(jù) WTO 禁止雙重征稅規(guī)則,如我國對企業(yè)開征碳稅,發(fā)達(dá)國家將不能對我出口產(chǎn)品征收碳關(guān)稅。按照發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的要求制訂進(jìn)出口產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量認(rèn)證、環(huán)保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并使之與國際接軌,全面提高進(jìn)出口商品的質(zhì)量。
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