【正文】 Festival. In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to bee pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentine39。s time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your 第 22 頁(yè) 共 24 頁(yè) fantasies. If it rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sisterinlaw. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for pany. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulang39。 ll wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the weeklong holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the uping Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the remended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan — Hailar — Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the SinoMongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of geous colors all the year round the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the country39。 最后， 再次 感謝所有在這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中給予過(guò)我?guī)椭娜恕? 我衷心的 感謝在整個(gè)畢業(yè) 設(shè)計(jì)期間和我密切合作的同學(xué)，和曾經(jīng)在各個(gè)方面給予過(guò)我?guī)椭?同事們 ， 在這段日子里 ，我們 共同 演繹了團(tuán)結(jié)合作的童話，把一個(gè)龐大的，從來(lái)沒(méi)有上手的課題，圓滿地完成了。 其次 ，感謝 學(xué)校 給予我這樣一次機(jī)會(huì)，能夠獨(dú)立地完成一個(gè)課題，并在這個(gè)過(guò)程當(dāng)中，給予我們 各種方便，使我們?cè)诩磳㈦x校的最后一段時(shí)間里，能夠更多學(xué)習(xí)一些實(shí)踐應(yīng)用知識(shí)，增強(qiáng)了我們實(shí)踐操作和動(dòng)手應(yīng)用能力，提高了獨(dú)立思考的能力。隨著我國(guó)石油化工的發(fā)展，特別是原料本的降低和人們環(huán)保意識(shí)的增強(qiáng)，水性聚氨酯；料的應(yīng)用必將越來(lái)越廣泛。 此外，水性聚氨酯涂料還可用于防水、防腐及玻璃、塑料、鋼材等的裝飾和保護(hù)。我國(guó)在這方面也展了一些研究，如安徽大學(xué)科招精細(xì)化工廠開(kāi)發(fā)出耐光、耐水、耐溶劑的綜合 第 19 頁(yè) 共 24 頁(yè) 性能優(yōu)良的聚氨 酯乳液系列產(chǎn)品。隨著我國(guó)加人世 貿(mào)易組織的談判日益深人，國(guó)內(nèi)的貿(mào)易壁壘必：會(huì)有所改變，國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)若不抓緊時(shí)機(jī)開(kāi)發(fā)出有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的水性聚氨酯木器漆，水性木器漆市場(chǎng)可為國(guó)外壟斷。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)， 1997 年木器漆的消費(fèi)量為 88 kt，占個(gè)家具漆市場(chǎng)的 70 %，而且 1997年以來(lái)聚氨酯的年消費(fèi)量比較穩(wěn)定。雙組分水性聚氨酯涂料的工。隨著 2022 年的臨近，我國(guó)環(huán)保法將對(duì)汽車涂裝實(shí)施 VOC 排放限量要求，國(guó)內(nèi)水性聚氨酯涂料市場(chǎng)將面臨嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。我國(guó)除上海通用轎車和上海大眾新建的第二條巧萬(wàn)輛轎車涂裝線是按照水性涂料施工設(shè)計(jì)建造的 ，其它廠家還沒(méi)有水性涂裝線。水性底色漆和水性中涂漆在歐洲廣泛應(yīng)用，西歐的水性中涂漆主要是水性聚氨酯樹(shù)脂和封閉型異氰酸酯型樹(shù)脂兩種。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，“九五”期間，我國(guó)每年新建住宅 1012 億平方米，其中 50%的公用建 筑用涂料裝飾，加上私人裝修，估計(jì) 2022 年大約需建筑涂料 1 Mt，建筑涂料市場(chǎng)可謂極其廣大。當(dāng)基質(zhì)為木地板時(shí)，涂裝用的水性聚氨酯涂料一般為多官能團(tuán)芳香族異氰酸酯自聚體與脂肪酸改性交聯(lián)聚酷制成的雙組分涂料，具有快干、耐磨擦、耐化學(xué)腐蝕等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 水性聚氨酯涂料具有良好的耐磨性、柔韌性、耐低溫性、耐疲勞性，優(yōu)良的粘附力，通過(guò)引人不同結(jié)構(gòu)可得到性能不同的涂料（如醚鍵可提高涂層的彈性），應(yīng)用非常廣泛。 隨著對(duì)水性聚氨酯結(jié)構(gòu)、性能、成膜過(guò)程的反應(yīng)機(jī)理等進(jìn)一步研究，結(jié)合新的水性多元醇聚合物的合成技術(shù)，水性聚氨酯涂料將會(huì)變得方便施工，涂膜性能易于設(shè)計(jì)和優(yōu)化，以滿足特殊用途。涂膜干燥時(shí)間短、外觀好、耐溶劑性好的水性聚氨酯涂料在木器涂料領(lǐng)域占有大量的市場(chǎng)份額；涂膜外觀美好、具有良好的耐低溫性和耐化學(xué)品性的水性聚氨酯皮革涂料，取代傳統(tǒng)溶劑型丙烯酸皮革涂飾劑、硝基纖維素皮革涂飾劑，成為皮革涂料的主要品種。 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和水性聚氨酯消費(fèi)需求的增大，以及科研人員的努力，高性能的復(fù)合改性水性聚氨酯必將取得長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展。 （ 3） 還要充分利用聚氨酯分子的可設(shè)計(jì)性，探索新的合成方法和工藝，在聚氨酯鏈上引入特殊功能的分子結(jié)構(gòu)，以獲得具有更多功能的聚氨酯復(fù)合乳液。 （ 2） 實(shí)踐證明，環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂、有機(jī)硅、丙烯酸酯以及納米材料復(fù)合改性都可以很好地提高水性聚氨酯的綜合 性能。 （ 4）三乙醇胺引入到聚氨酯主鏈形成網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)，在一定程度上可以提高聚氨酯膠粘劑的初粘力，并且對(duì)體系 pH值影響不大。 （ 3）在合成水性聚氨酯乳液的反應(yīng)中， NMP 的加入可以使反應(yīng)在均相體系中進(jìn)行，在干燥階段可以改善流延有利于乳液成膜 。 （ 2） DMPA 用量在 ～ 。另外， NMP 類似表面活性劑，更多的排列分布在顆粒表面，這種排列在一定程度上提高了乳液的穩(wěn)定性。為了考察 NMP 對(duì)乳液性能的影響，作者根據(jù) P3（表 1）的配料采用以下途徑加料：（ A）未加 NMP，（ B）已加 NMP（即樣品 P3），合成了兩種水性聚氨酯膠粘劑并比較其性能。 NMP由于具有微溶于水、揮發(fā)度低、沸點(diǎn)高、熱穩(wěn)定性及化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性均佳等特點(diǎn)，在水性聚氨酯乳液的合成過(guò)程中適量加