【正文】 Historically, humans get serious about avoiding disasters only after one has just struck them. __62__ that logic, 2022 should have been a breakthrough year for rational behavior. With the memory of 9/11 still __63__ in their minds, Americans watched hurricane Katrina, the most expensive disaster in U. S. history, on __64__ TV. Anyone who didn‘t know it before should have learned that bad things can happen. And they are made __65__ worse by our willful blindness to risk as much as our __66__ to work together before everything goes to hell. Granted, some amount of delusion (錯覺 ) is probably part of the __67__ condition. In A. D. 63, Pompeii was seriously damaged by an earthquake, and the locals immediately went to work __68__, in the same spot—until they were buried altogether by a volcano eruption 16 years later. But a __69__ of the past year in disaster history suggests that modern Americans are particularly bad at __70__ themselves from guaranteed threats. We know more than we __71__ did about the dangers we face. But it turns __72__ that in times of crisis, our greatest enemy is __73__ the storm, the quake or the __74__ itself. More often, it is ourselves. So what has happened in the year that __75__ the disaster on the Gulf 。 she “ treads softly (謹(jǐn)言慎行 )in the world,” elevating feminine beauty and grace to an art form. Nowadays, it is monly observed that young women are not conforming to the feminine linguistic (語言的 ) ideal. They are using fewer of the very deferential “ women’ s” forms, and even using the few strong forms that are know as “ men’ s. ” This, of course, attracts considerable attention and has led to an outcry in the Japanese media against the defeminization of women‘s language. Indeed, we didn‘t hear about ―men‘s language‖ until people began to respond to girls‘ appropriation of forms normally reserved for boys and men. There is considerable sentiment about the ―corruption‖ of women‘s language—which of course is viewed as part of the loss of feminine ideals and morality—and this sentiment is crystallized by nationwide opinion polls that are regularly carried out by the media. Yoshiko Matsumoto has argued that young women probably never used as many of the highly deferential forms as older women. This highly polite style is no doubt something that young women have been expected to ―grow into‖—after all, it is assign not simply of femininity, but of maturity and refinement, and its use could be taken to indicate a change in the nature of one‘s social relations as well. One might well imagine little girls using exceedingly polite forms when playing house or imitating older women—in a fashion analogous to little girls‘ use of a highpitched voice to do ―teacher talk‖ or ―mother talk‖ in role play. The fact that young Japanese women are using less deferential language is a sure sign of change—of social change and of linguistic change. But it is most certainly not a sign of the ―masculization‖ of girls. In some instances, it may be a sign that girls are making the same claim to authority as boys and men, but that is very different from saying that they are trying to be ―masculine. ‖ Katsue Reynolds has argued that girls nowadays are using more assertive language strategies in order to be able to pete with boys in schools and out. Social change also brings not simply different positions for women and girls, but different relations to life stages, and adolescent girls are participating in new subcultural forms. Thus what may, to an older speaker, seem like ―masculine‖ speech may seem to an adolescent like ―liberated‖ or ―hip‖ speech. 注意：此部分試題請在答題卡 2 上作答。 everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving rich—overpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most people‘s ines are increasing. From 1995 to 2022, inflationadjusted average family ine rose 14. 3 percent, to $43,200. people feel ―squeezed‖ because their rising ines often don‘t satisfy their rising wants—for bigger homes, more health care, more education, faster Inter connections. The other great frustration is that it has not eliminated insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As corporate layoffs increased, that part has eroded. More workers fear they‘ve bee ―the disposable American,‖ as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name. Because so much previous suffering and social conflict stemmed from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence suggested utopian (烏托邦式的 ) possibilities. Up to a point, affluence succeeds. There is much les physical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affluence also creates new plaints and contradictions. Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the quest for growth lets loose new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order. Affluence liberates the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to selffulfillment. But the promise is so extravagant that it predestines many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have antisocial consequences, including family breakdown and obesity (肥胖癥 ). Statistical indicators of happiness have not risen with ines. Should we be surprised? Not really. We‘ve simply reaffirmed an old truth: the pursuit of affluence does not always end with happiness. 注意：此部分試題請在答題卡 2 上作答。 47. Apart from a series of fortunate events, what is it that has made Google so successful? 48. Google‘s search engine originated from ________ started by L. Page. 49. How did Google‘s search engine spread all over the world? 50. Brin and Page decided to set up their own business because no one would ________. 51. The revenue of the Google pany is largely generated from ________. Section B Directions: There are 2 pass