【正文】 請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩_∩)O 謝謝?。?！ 2020 年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄 Shanghai’s Suzhou Creek has witnessed much of the city’s history. Zhou Wenting travels this storied body of water and finds its most fascinating spots. Some lucky cities can boast a great body of water, like London with the river Thames and Paris with the river Seine. Shanghai is privileged enough to have two great bodies of water: Huangpu River and Suzhou River became famous when colonists established clusters of grand buildings on its banks on what became known as the bund. Today, the bund overlooks the breathtaking skyline of Lujiazui financial district. Shanghai’s other body of water, however, Suzhou Creek, has been somewhat overshadowed. Suzhou Creek links the inland cities of Jiangsu province with Shanghai. When the British colonists, who arrived in the city after it was opened as a mercial port in 1843 found they could reach Suzhou, Jiangsu province, via the creek, they named it Suzhou Creek. Thanks to its location, a large amount of cargo and travelers were transported via the creek before rail links were established. But after a century of being utilized as a waterway to transport goods and labor, the creek grew dark and smelly. Industrial factories were established along the banks. In the 1990s it became a key task of the city government to clean the creek. Suzhou Creek, which snakes 17 km from the iconic Waibaidu Bridge downtown to the outer ring road in west Shanghai, maps the changing periods of the city’s history, including the imprints of the concessions, the beginning of industrialization and the improvement in people’s living conditions. Where the Bund began Inbetween the shopping street of East Nanjing Road and the Bund, are a cluster of streets that give me the illusion that I am no longer in modern Shanghai. The streets are narrow and old and crisscross each other. Any old residential house may turn out to be a former office of the British, constructed in the 1880s. Pawnshops and hardware stores that are hard to find elsewhere, are plentiful here. This area, at the confluence of Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek, is called the Bund Origin. Countless tour buses stop at the site every day and visitors from around the world get off to see this place, the starting point of the concessions in the city. It all started in 1872, when the former British Consulate General was constructed and the Bund began its transformation into an the financial street of the East. Now the site of the former consulate is called “No 1 Waitanyuan”, which translates to “the Bund Origin”, to honor its beginnings. The entire plex of this historical site prises of five buildings, the former British Consulate General, the official residence of the consul, the former Union Church, the church apartments and the former Shanghai Rowing Club. The size of the courtyard is equivalent to that of four standard soccer fields. The building of the former consulate is a twostorey masonry building on an Hshaped plan in typical English renaissance style. The building is designed with a fivearch verandah on the ground floor with a raised terrace facing the garden, while the facade features an entry portico beneath a colonnaded loggia. It has been turned into a caf233。 （ c）斜面分層 當(dāng)結(jié)構(gòu)的長度大大超過厚度三倍時(shí)，可采用本方案。當(dāng)結(jié)構(gòu)的厚度不大，分層較少時(shí)，混凝土澆筑到頂后，第一 層末端的混凝土還未初凝，又可從第二層依次分層澆筑。采用這種方案，結(jié)構(gòu)的平面尺寸一般不宜太大。 分別論述大體積混凝土澆筑中常用的幾種澆筑方案。（共計(jì) 10 分） 試述大體積混凝土基 礎(chǔ)的特點(diǎn)。雙機(jī)抬吊時(shí)，鋼柱吊離地面后在空中進(jìn)行回直。鋼柱的吊點(diǎn)在吊耳處，根據(jù)鋼柱的重量和起重機(jī)的起重量，可用雙機(jī)抬吊和單機(jī)吊裝。 如何進(jìn)行鋼柱吊裝？ 答：在吊裝第 — 節(jié)鋼柱時(shí)．應(yīng)在預(yù)埋地腳螺栓上加設(shè)保護(hù)套，以免鋼柱就位時(shí)碰壞地腳螺。高強(qiáng)混凝土由于具有變形小的特性 ，使構(gòu)件的剛度得以提高。出于高強(qiáng)混凝土的密實(shí)性高，因此它的抗?jié)B、抗凍性能均優(yōu)于普通強(qiáng)度混凝。由于高強(qiáng)混凝土的抗壓強(qiáng)度高，可使構(gòu)件截面減小，從鬧節(jié)約材料，降低構(gòu)件自重，增加使用面積。后者是一部分粉煤灰取代等體積水泥，超量部分粉煤灰則取代等體積砂子，它不僅可獲得強(qiáng)度增加效應(yīng)，而且可以補(bǔ)償粉煤灰取代水泥所降低的早期強(qiáng)度，從而保持粉煤灰摻入前后的混凝土強(qiáng)度等效。 3大體積混凝土摻加粉煤灰的方法有哪兩種？ 答：大體積混凝土摻和粉煤灰分為“等量取代法”和“超量取代法”兩種。 (4)型鋼混凝土結(jié)構(gòu) 較鋼結(jié)構(gòu)在耐久性、耐火性等方面均勝一籌，且型鋼混凝土框架較鋼框架可節(jié)省鋼材 50％或者更多。 (2)型鋼在混凝土澆筑之前已形成鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，并具有較大的承載能力，能承受構(gòu)件自重和施工荷載，因此，可將模板懸掛在型鋼上，不需另設(shè)支撐，從而加快施工速度。若采用吊船施工，可將吊船在施工范圍內(nèi)的豎梁同時(shí)自下而上安裝完，再水平移動(dòng)吊船安裝另一段立面的豎梁。主要技術(shù)方案：豎梁安裝一般由下而上進(jìn)行，帶芯套的一端朝上。超出時(shí)應(yīng)作適當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)使其居中，并確認(rèn)絲頭已擰到套筒中線位置。 3拆除腳手架應(yīng)符合哪些規(guī)定？ 答：①拆除作業(yè)必須由上而下逐層進(jìn)行，嚴(yán)禁上下同時(shí)作業(yè)；②連墻件必須隨腳手架逐層拆除，嚴(yán)禁先將連墻件整層或數(shù)層拆除后再拆腳手架；分段拆除高差不應(yīng)大于兩步，如高差大于兩步，應(yīng)增設(shè)連墻件加固。灌漿前應(yīng)在鋼柱底板四周立模板，用水清洗基礎(chǔ)表面，排除多余積水后灌漿。樓板位置的墻體還需要鑿入6cm 左右，以保證混凝土的緊密嚙合。塔式起重機(jī)之間應(yīng)有中夠的安全距離，確保臂桿不與塔身相碰。在混凝土澆筑之后，盡量以適當(dāng)?shù)牟牧霞右愿采w，采取保濕和保溫措施，不僅可以減少升溫階段的內(nèi)外溫差，防止產(chǎn)生表面裂縫，而且可以使水泥順利水化，提高混凝土的極限拉伸值，防止產(chǎn)生過大的溫度應(yīng)力和溫度裂縫。 ⑤型鋼回收前，先鑿除樁頂?shù)乃鼗炷翆雍凸诹海冻鲂弯撳^固頭，然后由拔樁機(jī)起拔型鋼。攪拌樁制作后應(yīng)立即插入H 型鋼。上行時(shí)，螺旋鉆最好反向旋轉(zhuǎn)，且不能停止，以防產(chǎn)生真空，導(dǎo)致柱體墻的坍塌。溝槽邊設(shè)吊架，以便固定插入的型鋼。不論采用哪種方法，投測(cè)軸線前，都必須在基礎(chǔ)完工后，根據(jù)建筑場(chǎng)地平面控制網(wǎng)先校測(cè)軸線控制樁樁位，再將建筑物的周邊軸線及各細(xì)部軸線精確地彈測(cè)到土 首層平面上作為向上投測(cè)軸線的依據(jù)。 2簡述高層建筑的豎向投測(cè)的方法？ 答：高層建筑軸線投測(cè)的方法，應(yīng)視場(chǎng)地大小、投測(cè)精度要求和現(xiàn)有儀器設(shè)備決定。 2控制溫度裂縫的技術(shù)措施是什么？ 答：防止混凝土裂縫的措施主要有：①采用中低熱的水泥品種；②降低水泥用量；③合理分縫分塊；④摻加外加料；⑤選擇適宜的骨料；⑥控制混凝土的出機(jī)溫度和澆筑溫度；⑦預(yù)理水管、通水冷卻，降低混凝土的最高溫升；⑧表面保護(hù)、保溫隔熱；⑨采取防止混凝土裂縫的結(jié)構(gòu)措施等。 2如何綁扎型鋼混凝土構(gòu)件的鋼筋？ 答：型鋼混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的鋼筋綁扎與鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)中的鋼筋綁扎基本相同，由于柱的縱向鋼筋不能穿過梁的翼緣，因此，柱的縱向鋼筋只能設(shè)在柱截面的四角或無梁的位置。對(duì)大直徑鋼管，還可采用高空拋落振實(shí)混凝土，拋落高度不應(yīng)小于 4m。 2如何澆筑鋼管內(nèi)混凝土？ 答：混凝土自鋼管上口澆筑，并用振搗器振搗。 2樓板施工中，早期拆模體系的工藝原理和關(guān)鍵部件是什么？ 答：早期拆模的工藝原理實(shí)質(zhì)上就是