【正文】 s Film Festival Award in 1989. McDull【麥兜】 McDull is a cartoon pig character that was created in Hong Kong by Alice Mak and Brian Tse. Although McDull made his first appearances as a supporting character in the McMug ics, McDull has since bee a central character in his own right, attracting a huge following in Hong Kong. The first McDull movie McMug Story My Life as McDull documented his life and the relationship between him and his McMug Story My Life as McDull is also being translated into French and shown in France. In this version, Mak Bing is the mother of McDull, not his father.. 。s death. Through bravery and wit, Nezha finally broke into the underwater palace and successfully defeated him. The film shows various kinds of attractive sceneries and the traditional culture of China, such as spectacular mountains, elegant sea waves and exquisite ancient Chinese clothes. It has received a variety of awards. Havoc in Heaven The story of Havoc in Heaven（ Chinese: 大鬧天宮） is based on the earliest chapters of the classic story Journey to the West. The main character is Sun Wukong, aka the Monkey King, who rebels against the Jade Emperor of heaven. The stylized animation and drums and percussion acpaniment used in this film are heavily influenced by Beijing Opera traditions. The name of the movie became a colloquialism in the Chinese language to describe someone making a mess. Regardless that it was an animated film, it still became one of the most influential films in all of Asia. Countless cartoon adaptations that followed have reused the same classic story Journey to the West, yet many consider this 1964 iteration to be the most original, fitting and memorable, The Golden Monkey Defeats a Demon【金猴降妖】 The Golden Monkey Defeats a Demon (Chinese: 金猴降妖 ), also referred as The Monkey King Conquers the Demon, is adapted from chapters of the Chinese classics Journey to the West, or Monkey in the Western world. The fiveepisode animation series tells the story of Monkey King Sun Wukong, who followed Monk Xuan Zang39。s natural scenery. Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf【喜洋洋與灰太狼 】 Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf (Chinese:喜羊羊與灰太狼 ) is a Chinese animated television series. The show is about a group of goats living on the Green Pasture, and the story revolves around a clumsy wolf who wants to eat them. It is a popular domestic animation series and has been adapted into movies. Nezha Conquers the Dragon King（ Chinese: 哪吒鬧海） is an outstanding animation issued by the Ministry of Culture in 1979 and is based on an episode from the Chinese mythological novel Fengshen Yanyi. A mother gave birth to a ball of flesh shaped like a lotus bud. The father, Li Jing, chopped open the ball, and beautiful boy, Nezha, sprung out. One day, when Nezha was seven years old, he went to the nearby seashore for a swim and killed the third son of the Dragon King who was persecuting local residents. The story primarily revolves around the Dragon King39。s contents on the stone wall of a white cloud cave in the mountains. He was then punished with guarding the book for life by the jade emperor for breaking heaven39。s real name was Nasreddin. He was wise and witty and, more importantly, he had the courage to resist the exploitation of noblemen. He was also full of passion and tried his best to help poor people. Adventure of Shuke and Beita【舒克與貝塔】 Adventure of Shuke and Beita (Chinese: 舒克和貝塔 ) is a classic animation by Zheng Yuanjie, who is known as King of Fairy Tales in China. Shuke and Beita are two mice who don39。 violence, and lack of suitability for children39。s animation outpouring that are not to be missed. Let39。 31 請您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝?。?！【 China39。 策略： A和 B都預(yù)計同伙的行為，做出最有利于自己的決定 結(jié)果：博弈的均衡 囚徒困境模型 寡頭壟斷市場廠商均衡的博弈模型 30 名詞： 占優(yōu)策略：無論其他廠商采用何種策略，該 策略都是本廠商的最優(yōu)策略。 博弈論首次從理論上證明，經(jīng)濟體系中各個行為者可以共贏，也叫做共贏理論 囚徒困境 信息不對稱條件下決策（博弈）的一種示例。 博弈論的主要觀點 信息不對稱條件下，系統(tǒng)和個人的理性決策未必能達到最優(yōu)。 經(jīng)濟生活或市場中，信息不對稱是一個普遍的事實 （ 3）信息不對稱條件下的經(jīng)濟行為或決策 經(jīng)濟行為或決策都是在信息不對稱的條件下進行的 ，這種決策類似于博弈?？夏崴埂⒉ɡ氐?，主要觀點是認(rèn)為市場信息總是不完全的、不充分的，信息是有價值的，獲取信息是需要支付成本的。 政府設(shè)置的壁壘 為了保護和鼓勵創(chuàng)新，政府出臺一些準(zhǔn)入政策、資格認(rèn)證、專利保護等措施，同時設(shè)置國際貿(mào)易壁壘，這些都可以限制新廠商進入。 29 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟限制了其他廠商的進入，規(guī)模經(jīng)濟越強，行業(yè)中廠商的數(shù)量就越少。 廠商不 能輕易地進入或退出行業(yè) 廠商的利潤主要取決于與其他廠商的相互關(guān)系。 第三步： B點所決定的產(chǎn)量 Q2未能滿足 MR=MC，不是利潤最大化的產(chǎn)量，此時廠 商的預(yù)期需求曲線 d0 也移動到 d1，產(chǎn)生 MR1 第四步：廠商繼續(xù)依據(jù) MR=MC安排產(chǎn)量 Q3，預(yù)期價格 P3，但實際上只能達到 Q4， 市場均衡點移到 C點，未能滿足 MR=MC 第五步：廠商繼續(xù)按照 MR=MC調(diào)整產(chǎn)量， 直到 E點所決定的產(chǎn)量 Q0能滿足 MR=MC， 即利潤最大化的產(chǎn)量 28 壟斷競爭廠商短期均衡的三種情況 有超額利潤 有正常利潤 有虧損 三、壟斷競爭市場廠商的長期均衡 壟斷競爭市場廠商在長期只能獲得 正常利潤，均衡條件 MR=MC 第五節(jié) 寡頭壟斷市場 一、寡頭壟斷市場特征 行業(yè)中只有為數(shù)不多的廠商，廠商可以在相當(dāng)?shù)某潭壬峡刂剖袌龅膬r格。 二、壟斷競爭市場廠商的短期均衡 壟斷競 爭市場廠商的需求曲線 壟斷競爭廠商有兩條需求曲線： d為廠商預(yù)期的需求曲線，富有彈性 D為廠商實際的需求曲線 壟斷競爭市場的需求曲線與廠商決策 壟斷競爭廠商依據(jù)預(yù)期的需求曲線決策， 如降價 P1— P2，廠商認(rèn)為其他廠商不會注 意，其銷售量由 Q1增加到 Q2， 但實際上，其他廠商也會降價，結(jié)果實際 的銷售量只能達到 Q3， 最后，市場上達到均衡的的價格和銷量是 由兩條曲線的交點為 E 決定的。 資源的流動比較自由，廠商可以比較容易地進入或退出某一行業(yè)或生產(chǎn)集團 每個廠商都預(yù)期自己的行為（如降價）不會對其他廠商產(chǎn)生影響，但實際上有影響。 壟斷（ monopoly）的含義就是指某一廠商成為某一產(chǎn)品的唯一的供給者。 三、完全競爭條件下廠商的長期均衡 廠商在長期中的調(diào)整 廠商在長期中會逐步擴大生產(chǎn)規(guī)模，直到收益最大，廠商按照 MC=MR安排產(chǎn)量 （ 1）在短期 S1內(nèi)，有虧損，廠商繼續(xù)擴大規(guī)模到 S2 （ 2）在短期 S2內(nèi)，有盈利，廠商繼續(xù)擴大規(guī)模到 S3 ，與此同時，其他廠商進入該行業(yè)，供給增加，促使價格下降到 P’，當(dāng)利潤為零時，廠商停止擴大規(guī)模 （ 3）在短期 S3，價格為 P’時，有虧損，廠商退出該行業(yè)或 減小規(guī)模。 貝恩的產(chǎn)業(yè)和市場類型的劃分 第二節(jié) 完全競爭市場 一、完全競爭市場的特征 有眾多的生產(chǎn)者和消費者，任何單一的生產(chǎn)者和消費者都不能改變市場價格 廠商生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品是同質(zhì)的，無差別的 廠商可以自由地進入或退出行業(yè) 買賣雙方有完全的市場信息 二、完全競爭條件下廠商的短期均衡