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) 。 ) ? Child though he was, he would run the machine. ? (盡管他還是一個小孩 , 他卻要操作這機器 。 even 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句也要用部分倒裝 。 ) ? ( 8) 在條件和讓步分句中 , 主語和功能詞可以局部倒裝 。t see the accident and neither did Mary. ? (7) 在比較分句中 , 如果主語不是人稱代詞 , 也可以有主語和功能詞的局部倒裝 。 ? ( 6) 在以 so或相應(yīng)的否定形式 neither或 nor開頭的省略分句中 。 ? ( 4) 在 so… that (表結(jié)果 )句型中 , 如果作為主語補語的 “ so + 形容詞 ” 或者作為狀語的“ so + 副詞 ” 前置 , 主句中用局部倒裝 。 ( 詳見教材中的例句 ) ? ( 3) 當(dāng)句首狀語含有 only, 主句要用局部倒裝 。 ? 如: Happy is he who is reconciled with his lot. ? ( 二 ) 引起局部倒裝的情況 ? ( 1) 當(dāng)前置賓語由 “ not a + 名詞 ” 或者“ not a single + 名詞 ” 構(gòu)成時 , 用局部倒裝 ,只需把功能詞 /助動詞放到主語之前 。 ? 如: Please go away, said one child. And don39。 ? ( 2) 當(dāng)句首狀語為表示地點的介詞詞組時 ,也常常引起全部倒裝 。 又如: ? Here lies his beloved body. ? Down came the rain. ? Here is the milkman. ? And there at last was the book I39。 正因為如此 , 在書本中 , 我們不把分裂句中的從屬分句稱作關(guān)系分句 。 ? 在分裂句中 , 通常用 that分句 ( 或 who分句 ) , 雖然也有用 which分句的 , 如 This it was which gave him such faith and fearlessness in work, 但以 that分句組為常見 , 也更加自然 。 例如我們通常不可以說: ? *He is the man (who) taught me English last year. ? *He wrote me a letter (which/ that) hasn’t arrived yet. ? 而在分裂句中,卻可以省略從屬分句的引導(dǎo)詞that/ who。 例如: ? It was he/ him that /who bought the book yesterday. ? It was yesterday that he bought the book. ? It was in a secondhand store that he bought the book. ? 由此可見 , 分裂句中的 that分句 ( 或 who分句 )不同于一般關(guān)系分句 。 ? 在關(guān)系分句中 , 關(guān)系代詞的先行詞通常是名詞詞組 , 用人稱代詞作先行詞的情況不大多見 。 試比較: ? It is money that is most needed. ? This is the money that is most needed. ? 第一句是分裂句 , 其中的 that分句并不是money的后置修飾語;在第二句中 , that分句是限制性關(guān)系分句 , 修飾 money。 例如: ? It is chairman of the mittee that they elected him. ? It is green that they have painted the wall. ? 必須區(qū)分分裂句和以先行詞 it為形式主語而以that分句為真正主語的句型結(jié)構(gòu) 。 例如我們可以說: ? It was in Shanghai that I first met Philip. ? It was very reluctantly that she agreed to help. ? 卻不能說: ?