【正文】 在當代社會給予環(huán)境問題以突出地位的視點下，現(xiàn)代景觀建筑學不再局限于某一群人為服務對象，而是將人類視作一個與其他物種相依存的、本身有著多種文化存在的自然系統(tǒng)中的一分子，現(xiàn)?，F(xiàn)代景觀建筑的社會化使得現(xiàn)代景觀建筑學有了實實在在的生活根基，有了持續(xù)不斷的生機與活力。 美國現(xiàn)代景觀建筑從中央公園起，就已不再是少數(shù)人所賞玩的奢 侈品，而是普通公眾身心再生的空間?，F(xiàn) 代視野中景觀建筑學逐漸明確的是實踐范疇的全然改變，當然傳統(tǒng)的小尺度的私人花園和園林設計仍然繼續(xù)，而諸如大地生態(tài)規(guī)劃、區(qū)域景觀保護與規(guī)劃、國土景觀資源的調(diào)查評價與保護管理這些專業(yè)實踐使景觀建筑學在更為廣泛的層面和更為公共的尺度上操作。 安徽建筑大學畢業(yè)設計成果 1 21 以一系列作為和理想象征的城市公園 (1865 年費城的費蒙公園、 1870 年舊金山的金山公園、 1871 年芝加哥的城南公園等 )而開始的現(xiàn)代景觀建筑實踐，在奧姆斯特德等先驅(qū)的倡導下，堅持從城市和國土的整體角度出發(fā)，使現(xiàn)代景觀建筑學的專業(yè)實踐范疇一開始便定位；包括城市公園和綠地系統(tǒng)、城鄉(xiāng)景觀道路系統(tǒng)、居住區(qū)、校園、地產(chǎn)開發(fā)和國家公園的規(guī)劃設計管理的廣闊領域中。 關鍵詞： 景觀建筑學 拓展 專業(yè)實踐 自然主義風格 生態(tài)理論 拓展 工業(yè)革命給社會帶來的變革巨大而深遠，到了 19 世紀，被稱為 美國景觀建筑學之父 的 F. L. Olmsted 和英國建筑師 Vaux 設計的紐約中央公園 (1858年 )的建造，標志著普通人生活景觀的到來。在逝去的百余年里，美國現(xiàn)代景觀建筑學的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展引導了現(xiàn)代景觀建筑學的走向，并且?guī)缀鹾w了所有的探索。 4EnvironmentalProtection 局，拉斯維加斯， NK5Tennessee 谷作者 ，諾里斯，TN。 2Analysas 公司，橡 樹嶺， TN。ublishing BV，阿姆斯特丹 美國現(xiàn)代景觀建筑學發(fā)展的回顧與思索 ， “， . Timmins2， 。chs. Akad. d. Wiss., . Klasse 55. , ., SalinasChavez, E. and Rodriguez, M. 1999. Landscape ecology – geographical orientation or an interdisciplinary research 安徽建筑大學畢業(yè)設計成果 1 20 programme in Cuba and Mexico. Abstract, 5th IALEWorld Congress, Snowmass, CO, USA. 景觀生態(tài)學卷。ge zur Komplementarit228。kologische Bewertung der Landschaft. Spektrum, Heidelberg, Germany. , O., Bastian, O. and R246。 gia (Bratislava) 17: 49– 61. , O. and R246。s economic development, our city building and landscape design and practice into a highspeed development period, but the petent departments of landscape architecture education, integrated with the mess and ignored the separation of landscape architectural practice so that we kaleidoscope reality that can not be sure what we are or how we should call ourselves architects, landscape architects, environmental designers?Shallow emerging formalized, the lack of real concern for people and the environment arbitrary landscape design, landscape architecture, deeply reflects the value of our concern for poor and pale, in our landscape architecture are still full of confusion and chaos when . founder of modern landscape architecture, Olmsted, and many American pioneer of modern landscape architecture theme insists to create sustainable, and his life and just the landscape, 安徽建筑大學畢業(yè)設計成果 1 19 and give a clear idea as to imagine that form, may be able to give us much encouragement and thrust of modern landscape architecture in the United States to pursue a century, may be the same with us into the modern landscape architecture in the next century. References Ahern, . 1999. Barriers, opportunities, strategies, and models for the application of landscape ecology in landscape planning and design. Abstract, 5th IALEWorld Congress, Snowmass, CO,USA. , M. 1999. Landscape ecology: from concepts and methodology towards applications in environmental and spatial planning. Plenary adress, 5th IALEWorld Congress, Snowmass, CO, , O. 1998a. The assessment of landscape functions – one precondition to define management goals. Ekol243。s open space human. 60 years since the 20th century, social democracy, brought about the promotion of public participation in decisionmaking system changes in all aspects of American society, landscape architecture is also true, but Harpring is a direct supporter of this change and advocates, are Harpring made his pany is the design process to adapt to new social realities, through seminars and information feedback, etc. to achieve the wishes of the public involved in the design so that the munity was able to landscape design setup. modern doctrine of the munity through landscape architecture design factors and features to further stress and social realities embarked on the road simultaneously. Ecological Ethics 70 years before, increasingly concerned about the ecological environment, landscape architecture, University of Pennsylvania Professor Lan McHarg proposed to include landscape as a geology, topography, hydrology, land use, plants, wildlife and climate and other decisive factors interrelated whole to look at point of the landscape plan should ply with the intrinsic value of nature and natural processes, and improved in order to factor stratified analysis and map overlay technology as the core of the Ecological Planning, Macharg called Qian Cengbing model.The theory and method of landscape architecture to a certain extent given the scientific nature of the landscape as you can experience all kinds of objective analysis and conclusion, with clearly defined scope of the study focused on largescale landscape and environmental planning, but for any scale of landscape architecture practice, this meant that an important is in addition to an aesthetic landscape outside the system or an ecosystem, and those are just the art of the arrangement of plants and landscape design methods, more detailed design is the concept of environmental the landscape architectural practice in a pluralistic exploration, the natural determinism of the ideas are only one kind of assumptions Ji, but vulnerable when the critical state of the environment when there Macharg and Pennsylvania School of the most significant yes Cujin landscape architecture as the ideological foundation of the professional work of the new criteria, the broad 安徽建筑大學畢業(yè)設計成果 1 17 information landscape designers the potential structure of thinking laid an indelible the modernist landscape architects, the concept of ecoethics to tell them, in addition to social ties between people, all people are born with the Earth39。s role in public life. In his view, If the design only consider beautiful, is the lack of inherent rationality of the luxury munity. geometric se