電氣專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯(參考版)
2025-06-09 05:41本頁面
【正文】 5. Safety Although the safety of a nuclear power plant is directly linked to the decision taken at the design stage and to the care taken in preconstruction studies and construction itself, it is only really in operation that nuclear safety can be seen in all its various facets, . the risk of accident due to weaknesses in the design, insufficient quality or operational error.Maintaining the Safety level In order to maintain the level of safety, it is first of all necessary to observe the operational limits of the design. These limitations are set out in the “Technical Operating Specifications” volume of the Safety Analysis Report.An exhaustive analysis is also carried out on systems Important For Safety (IPS) to identify which equipment is required to undergo periodic testing and to justify which items do not require testing (normal operation is sufficient proof of good working order). For each system and test the “Test Procedure” document specifies the operating procedure, criteria and the required testing intervals. These instructions are used by the operators as the basis for preparing “Test Schedules”. Safety of Nuclear electricityThe standardization policy adopted by EDF (one major PWR system type and a limited number of individual plant series) justifies a major mitment to maximizing the value of operational experience by placing particular emphasis on the analysis of precursor incidents. This has a dual purpose:l To reduce the frequency of serious incidents liable to result in the generating equipment being unavailable, even if these is no direct bearing on safety.l To reduce the frequency of incidents likely to have consequences to safety , in practice, the design principles for nuclear units based on Defence In Depth and the presence of barriers are such that serious accidents could only result from a simultaneous bination of independent and improbable incidents.In terms of nuclear safety, the principal objectives of operational feedback are as follows: to identify precursor incidents leading to more serious accidents in order to define and implement any corrective measures required before any such accidents occur. to take adventage of standardized units (the generic aspects of incidents, deriving maximum benefit from modification studies, ect ) to ensure, in cases where modification is necessary, that these are no adverse secondary effects before principle is extended to the entire plant series. to utilize data gathered during actual operation of the installation in order to unify the level of safety, especially in the case of a new plant series.The guidelines on which EDF has based its operational experience feedback system are as follows:i. To systematically gather the maximum amount of data and circulate it as widely as possible, particularly within EDF.ii. To bring together as many as possible Design
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