電大20xx年最新現(xiàn)代貨幣金融學(xué)說網(wǎng)上作業(yè)參考答案小抄(參考版)
2025-06-07 02:43本頁(yè)面
【正文】 an, the starting point of the ancient Silk Road, a trade channel established more than 2,000 years ago linking China, Central Asia and Europe. 。s cooperation with Central Asian countries, a senior official said. Shaanxi Governor Lou Qinjian said the province is fresh, rich and unique, as it was when it anchored one end of the ancient Silk Road. It is the best option for acmodating industrial transfers from East China or the world at large, he said on Wednesday in Xi39。s business development. Rudy Buttignol, president of the public broadcasting pany in British Columbia, Canada, said his work requires frequent travel to Chengdu and the policy makes the trips easier. Data from the city39。s largest breedin g and research center. Three days are long enough for foreign visitors to visit those iconic tourist spots, he noted. The city is home to the remains of the Jin sha civilization that dates back more than 3,000 years as well as the Qing cheng Mountains and the Du jiang yan irrigation system. Qing cheng has long been recognized as the birthplace of Taois m, China39。s 72hour visafree policy has attracted wide attention from both Chinese and foreign experts and businessmen since it took effect on Sept 1 last year. The program permits citizens fro m 51 countries and regions including the United States, Australia, Canada and Japan who have valid visas and flight tickets to a third country to spend three days in the city. The capital of Sichuan province is the first city in the western region of China to offer foreign tourists a threeday visa and the fourth nationwide to adopt the policy following Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. Li Zhiyong, deputy dean of the tourism institute at Sichuan University, said the move contr ibutes to a large increase in the number of overseas tourists and raises the city39。 綜上所述，只有采用適用我國(guó)的貨幣政策，才能為企業(yè)提供較為寬松的融資環(huán)境，以此來(lái)促進(jìn)企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)。適度寬松的貨幣政策不會(huì)對(duì)所有行業(yè)和企業(yè)一視同仁，而是會(huì)堅(jiān)持 “有保有壓，區(qū)別對(duì)待 ”的原 則，以此來(lái)體現(xiàn)國(guó)家的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策導(dǎo)向，促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式轉(zhuǎn)變，使經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)向政策預(yù)期方向轉(zhuǎn)變。為防止經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)倒退，央行將進(jìn)一步放松貨幣政策，而下調(diào)利率和存款準(zhǔn)備金率是央行最為有力的貨幣政策工具，前者可以降低企業(yè)的融資成本，后者可以為銀行提供更多的信貸資金，央行將綜合運(yùn)用多種政策工具，加大對(duì)促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的支持力度，有效滿足實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)金融服務(wù)的合理需求。促進(jìn)股票市場(chǎng)穩(wěn)定健康發(fā)展，提高直接融資的比重。加快發(fā)展企業(yè)債、公司債、短期融資券和中期票據(jù)等非金融企業(yè)債務(wù)融資工具，擴(kuò)寬企業(yè)融資渠道。加大對(duì)重點(diǎn)工程、節(jié)能減排、環(huán)境保護(hù)、自主創(chuàng)新、三農(nóng)、中小企業(yè)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施及服務(wù)業(yè)等的支持力度，有針對(duì)性地培育和鞏固消費(fèi)信貸增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。我認(rèn)為可以從以下幾方面入手： 第一，合理擴(kuò)大銀行信貸規(guī)模。 自 1998 年我國(guó)改革存款準(zhǔn)備金制度以來(lái)，存款準(zhǔn)備金率不斷調(diào)整，已經(jīng)成為我國(guó)中央銀行貨幣政策操作中運(yùn)用頻繁的政策工具之一。過渡時(shí)期共存的貨幣政策工具有貸款規(guī)模、再貸款、利率、存款準(zhǔn)備金、公開市場(chǎng)業(yè)務(wù)與再貼現(xiàn)等數(shù)種，其中間接調(diào)控工具的作用逐步強(qiáng)化，直接調(diào)控工具的影響日趨淡化，如 1998 年我國(guó)已經(jīng)放棄了貸款規(guī)模管理。目前在實(shí)際工作中，貨幣政策的操作指標(biāo)主要是基礎(chǔ)貨幣、銀行的超額儲(chǔ)備金率和銀行間同業(yè)拆借市場(chǎng)利率、銀行間債券市場(chǎng)的回購(gòu)利率；中介指標(biāo)主要是貨幣供應(yīng)量和以商業(yè)銀行貸款總量、貨幣市場(chǎng)交易量為代表的信用總量。中國(guó)人民銀行按月對(duì)其進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)監(jiān)測(cè)，以利于調(diào)控貨幣供應(yīng)量。隨著市場(chǎng)化金融運(yùn)行體制的確立，貨幣政策實(shí)施的基礎(chǔ)和環(huán)境都發(fā)生了根本性變化，貸款規(guī)模作為貨幣政策中介指標(biāo)逐漸失去了兩個(gè)賴以生存的條件：一是資金配置由計(jì)劃轉(zhuǎn)向市場(chǎng)；二是國(guó)家銀行的存款在全社會(huì)融資總量中的比重趨于下降，而其他銀行和金融機(jī)構(gòu)特別是金融市場(chǎng)的直接融資比重迅速提高。 二、我國(guó)貨幣政策的中介指標(biāo)與操作指標(biāo)： 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代，我國(guó)貨幣政策在中介目標(biāo)的 選擇上，沿用了改革開放前的做法，即以貸款規(guī)模與現(xiàn)金發(fā)行作為貨幣政策的中介指標(biāo)。中央銀行應(yīng)該以保持幣值穩(wěn)定來(lái)促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。從主次看，穩(wěn)定幣值始終是主要的。 1953 年 3 月頒布實(shí)施的《中華人民共和國(guó)人民銀行法》對(duì) “雙重目標(biāo) ”進(jìn)行了修正，確定貨幣政策目標(biāo)是 “保持貨幣幣值的穩(wěn)定，并以此促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng) ”。這種做法符合中國(guó)過去的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，特別是在把銀行信貨作為資源進(jìn)行直接分配的情況下，貨幣總量控制與信貸投向分配都由計(jì)劃安排，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)和穩(wěn)定貨幣這兩個(gè)目標(biāo)比較容易協(xié)調(diào)。這為中國(guó)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整提供了空間和時(shí)間窗口，可擇機(jī)推進(jìn)資源價(jià)格形成機(jī)制改革，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化和發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變，為長(zhǎng)期內(nèi)保持價(jià)格總水平的基本穩(wěn)定奠定基礎(chǔ)。因此，貨幣政策在近期要防止通貨緊縮，在長(zhǎng)期要防止通貨膨脹。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)將處于漫長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型階段，從投資與出口拉動(dòng)，轉(zhuǎn)向投資與內(nèi)需拉動(dòng)，這說明，政府與市場(chǎng)不會(huì)鼓勵(lì)資產(chǎn)價(jià)格的大幅上升，資產(chǎn)價(jià)格將處于漫長(zhǎng)的盤整期。為了應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)失速，預(yù)計(jì)我國(guó)明年將擴(kuò)大國(guó)債發(fā)行規(guī)模，以擴(kuò)大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和改善社會(huì)保障體系，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)
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