鍋爐壓力容器的危險(xiǎn)因素及防護(hù)(參考版)
2024-09-02 08:15本頁面
【正文】 凈出口 Net exports (NX = EX IM) def: 出口總價(jià)值減去進(jìn)口總價(jià)值 the value of total exports (EX) minus the value of total imports (IM) U . S. N e t Ex p o r ts , 1 9 6 0 2 0 0 0400350300250200150100500501960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2020$ billions中國的凈出口,1991 202015050501502503504501991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2020 2020 2020 2020年份China, Net export,億美元重要等式 將以上四項(xiàng)加總 ，可得用支出法計(jì)算的GDP的公式，可寫成： GDP＝ C＋ I＋ G＋ NX Y = C + I + G + NX Y = GDP = the value of total output C + I + G + NX = aggregate expenditure 。 Investment投資 vs. Capital資本 Example (假設(shè)不存在折舊 ): ? 1/1/2020: 經(jīng)濟(jì)中有價(jià)值 500億元的資本。 投資是新資本的形成。 services ? 住房固定投資 residential fixed investment spending on housing units by consumers and landlords ? 存貨投資 inventory investment the change in the value of all firms’ inventories Investment投資 vs. Capital資本 Capital 是生產(chǎn)要素之一。 spending on goods bought for future use。包括the value of all goods and services bought by households. Includes: 投資 Investment (I) def1: 在資本品上的花費(fèi)。 The value of the final goods already includes the value of the intermediate goods, so including intermediate goods in GDP would be doublecounting. Final goods Intermediate goods two special cases about final goods: ? 資本品 Capital goods ? 存貨的變化 Inventory change 一個(gè)問題 假設(shè) 產(chǎn)生了 $10 million 的最終產(chǎn)品 final goods 但是只出售了 $9 million.
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