【正文】 daguerreotypist as well as gold miners could hope to make rich new lives. Sustaining the state‘s rapid economic development called for investors and evermore new settlers. Both could be attracted by photographs. Individual Californians wanted pictures of themselves and their munities, not least for faraway relatives. For good and for ill promoting both investment and conservation – photography has played a major part in making the place seem real, whether as America‘s Garden of Eden or, more recently, a onceparasitic landscape ruined by greed. This remarkable story is the subject of ―Capturing Light: Masterpiece of California Photography, 1850 to the Present,‖ an exhibition anized by the Oakland Museum of California. Selected form the museum‘s own preeminent collection, it presents 200 work, most of which were originally intended as art. Others were done as unpretentious documentation, or even as 10 snapshots. The earliest panoramic view of the Yosemite Valley lent themselves to both highmindedness and economic exploitation. In historical fact, such photographs were used to argue in favor of establishing our national park system, but dream of pristine natural beauty have also led many an outlander to invest or settle in California. America‘s oime Eden is now its most populous state, beset by electricpower shortages and environmental degradation, but still offering visions of breathtaking natural beauty. As the years passed, photography changed to reflect new perceptions of the world. By the late19th century, science and technology – which had given us the lootive and the steel mill, as well as the camera – could no longer be seen a unqualified blessing. Socalled pictorial photography, characterized by blurry focus and wistful moods, was a genteel protest against the realitie of unchecked industrialism. In California, where check on that trend were almost nonexistent, photography perhaps played a larger role than elsewhere. Such paternalists as Arnold Genthe and Johan Hagemeyer contrived to photograph eve crowded San Francisco as if little had changed since the Middle Ages. The more optimistic 1920s brought a reaction against softfocus genteelism. As with modern architecture‘s refusal to blur the underlying geometric shape of a building with ornament, such California photographers as Ansel Adams, Edward Weston, and Imogen Cunningham celebrated nature by photographing it in sharp focus, as if its forms were eternal. But the need to document history reasserted itself during the 1930s。 Spencer 3. Which of the following parties or anizations sympathizes with Tesco? (A) The Liberal Democrats (B) The National Consumer Protection Council (C) The National Farmers‘ Union (D) The Labour Party 7 4. The expression ―in the pockets of‖ from the sentence ―The Liberal Democrats‘ agriculture spokesman, Colin Breed, called for the appointment of a retail regulator ?who would not be in the pockets of the supermarkets‘.‖ (para. 6) can be replaced by ________. (A) in line with (B) in the control of (C) in support of (D) in opposition to 5. According to the passage, all of the following contribute to Tesco‘s profit growth EXCEPT ________. (A) implementation of its marginexpansion policy (B) expansion of markets abroad (C) fast growth of etailing business (D) improvement of service and quality Questions 6~10 It is a very peculiar planning inquiry. On one side are Michael Howard, Spike Milligan, Joann Lumley and Shepway district council. On the other is English Nature. At stake are the fate of rare butterflies and orchids, and the civic pride of Folkestone. The proposal to create a giant white horse on a grassy chalk hill overlooking the entrance to the channel tunnel has inflamed such passion that the Department of Environment deemed an inquiry was necessary. It is due to end tomorrow, although the wrangling seems certain to continue. What began as a millennium art project has bee a highly charged symbol of the town‘s future. Its supporters – who include Milligan and Lumley, both friends of the artist behind the scheme – say it will regenerate the resort. The council believes the 100m long galloping horse will brand Folkestone as an energetic town, attracting visitors and giving pleasure and pride to residents fro generations to e. Its detractors call the scheme a folly which will despoil a precious resource while doing little to tackle the area‘s underlying problems. English Nature argues that Cheriton Hill itself is a greater treasure than anything which could be created there. Rare abonis blue butterflies ad spider orchids have made the chalk escarpment their home。 Spencer, Asda, Safeway (C) Asda, Tesco, Sainsbury, Safeway, Marks amp。S has since suffered an aboutturn in its fortunes. It made only ￡ 430m last year. Despite criticism from consumer groups and some farmers‘ representatives, Tesco, which now accounts for ￡ 25 of every ￡ 100 spent on groceries in the UK, insisted it was not making excessive profits. Chief executive Terry Leahy said the chain was making only just over ￡ 3 profit from every ￡ 100 purchase and deputy chairman David Reid said the growth had been driven by ―better service, quality and value for money‖. The supermarket has also benefited from the lackluster performance of some of its rivals, especially Sainsury. Until 1995 Sainsbury was bigger than Tesco, but it last reported profits were barely half Tesco‘s ￡ 1bn. Safeway, which made ￡ 236m last year, is turning itself into a new breed of amallscale hypermarket while Asda, with ￡ 330m profit last year, appears to have lost some of its momentum since its takeover by the American alMart discount chain. Tesco‘s ￡ profit, which was generated in the year to the end of February, is 12% up on last year. Sales were up %. Earlier this year – in t