【正文】 但過去因 5 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、主機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜等原因，其價(jià)格要比 3 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)數(shù)控機(jī)床高出數(shù)倍，加之編程技術(shù)難度較大，制約了 5 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)床的發(fā)展。 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)加工和復(fù)合加工機(jī)床快速發(fā)展 采用 5 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)對(duì)三維曲面零件的加工，可用刀具最佳幾何形狀進(jìn)行切削，不僅光潔度高，而且效率也大幅度提高。 在可靠性方面，國(guó)外數(shù)控裝置的 MTBF 值已達(dá) 6000h 以上，伺服系統(tǒng)的 MTBF 值達(dá)到 30000h 以上，表現(xiàn)出非常高的可靠性。加工一薄壁飛機(jī)零件，只用 30min，而同樣的零件在一般高速銑床加工需 3h，在普通銑床加工需 8h；德國(guó) DMG 公司的雙主軸車床的主軸速度及加速度分別達(dá) 12*!000r/mm 和1g。目前世界上許多汽車廠，包括我國(guó)的上海通用汽車公司，已經(jīng)采用以高速加工中心組成的生產(chǎn)線部分替代組合機(jī)床。這些都對(duì)加工裝備提出了高速、高精和高柔性的要求。 在轎車工業(yè)領(lǐng)域，年產(chǎn) 30 萬(wàn)輛的生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍是 40 秒 /輛，而且多品種加工是轎車裝備必須解決的重點(diǎn)問題之一；在航空和宇航工業(yè)領(lǐng)域，其加工的零部件多為薄壁和薄筋，剛度很差，材料為鋁或鋁合金，只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情況下，才能對(duì)這些筋、壁進(jìn)行加工。高速、高精加工技術(shù)可極大地提高效率，提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和檔次，縮短生產(chǎn)周期和提高市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。從目前世界上數(shù)控技術(shù)及其裝備發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)來看，其主要研究熱點(diǎn)有以下幾個(gè)方面［ 1～ 4］。 數(shù)控技術(shù)是用數(shù)字信息對(duì)機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)和工作 過程進(jìn)行控制的技術(shù)，數(shù)控裝備是以數(shù)控技術(shù)為代表的新技術(shù)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)制造產(chǎn)業(yè)和新興制造業(yè)的滲透形成的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品，即所謂的數(shù)字化裝備，其技術(shù)范圍覆蓋很多領(lǐng)域： (1)機(jī)械制造技術(shù)； (2)信息處理、加工、傳輸技術(shù)； (3)自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)； (4)伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)； (5)傳感器技術(shù)； (6)軟件技術(shù)等。此外世界上各工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家還將數(shù)控技術(shù)及數(shù)控裝備列為國(guó)家的戰(zhàn)略物資，不僅采取重大措施來發(fā)展自己的數(shù)控技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)，而且在 “ 高精尖 ” 數(shù)控關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和裝備方面對(duì)我國(guó)實(shí)行封鎖和限制政策。制造技術(shù)和裝 備就是人類生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的最基本的生產(chǎn)資料，而數(shù)控技術(shù)又是當(dāng)今先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)和裝備最核心的技術(shù)。 裝備工業(yè)的技術(shù)水平和現(xiàn)代化程度決定著整個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的水平和現(xiàn)代化程度，數(shù)控技術(shù)及裝備是發(fā)展新興高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)和尖端工業(yè)（如信息技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)、生物技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)、航空、航天等國(guó)防工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)）的使能技術(shù)和最基本的裝備。 Will not have cheap and products rich in the petitiveness without scale 。s living standard but also can relieve the pressure of employment of our country , ensure the stability of the society。s question , at first seen from social safety, because manufacturing industry whether our country obtain employment most populous trade, the development of manufacturing industry not only can improve the people39。 Set up intact related system , plete training , service work ,etc. of high quality support the system. . The bad mechanism causes the brain drain , restraining technology and technological route from innovating again , products innovation, and has restricted the effective implementation of planning , has often planned the ideal , implement the difficulty. . Enterprises are indifferent in autonomous innovation in technology, key technology is engineered and indifferent. Lathe standard lag behind, level relatively low, numerical control system new standard study enoughly. 3 strategic thinking until technology and industrialization of numerical control of our country develop Strategic consideration Our country of strategic consideration makes the big country , should try hard to accept the front instead of the back transformation in the world industry shifts , should master and make key technology advancedly , otherwise in a new round of international industrial structure adjustment, of our country manufacturing industry step forward the empty core . We regard resource , environment , market as cost, possibility got to exchange assemble the centre , but not master the status of the manufacturing center of key technology , will so influence the development process of the modern manufacturing industry of our country seriously. We should stand in the height of national security strategy paying attention to the technology of numerical control and industry39。 One that is to market unstandard, foreign blockade add strangle , system ,etc. underestimate while being difficult。 Numerical control technological application expand efforts to be better。39。 Dependability is not high, the mercialized intensity is insufficient。 Function part specialized level of production and form a plete set ability to be lower。39。39。 Japan is Okuma the engine bed pany to display IT plaza (information technology square, is called the IT square)。39。39。39。39。39。 Simplification programming, simplification operation aspect intellectualization, like intellectualized automatic programming, intellectualized manmachine contact surface and so on。 The paces and acceleration of main shaft of dual main shaft lathes of Germany DMG Company reach 12* separately! 000r/mm and 1g. In machining accuracy, in the past 10 years, ordinary progression has accused of the machining accuracy of the lathe to already improve from 10μm to 5μm, accurate grades of machining center from 3 5μm, raise to 1 , and ultraprecision machining accuracy begin , enter getting nanometer already. In machining accuracy, the past 10 years, ordinary progression accuse of machining accuracy of lathe raise to 5μm , from 3 5μm accurate grades of machining center from 10μm already, improve to 1 , and the ultraprecision machining accuracy has already begun to enter nanometer ( )ly. In dependability, MTBF value of the foreign numerical co ntrol device has already reached above 6 000h, MTBF value of the servo system reaches above 30000h, demonstrate very high dependability . For realize at a high speed , high finish machining, related to it function part if electric main shaft , straight line electrical machinery get fast development, the application is further expanded . 5 axles link and process and pound and process the lathe to develop fast Adopt 5 axle link , to threedimensional curved surface processing of part , can cut with the best geometirc form of the cutter, not only highly polished, but also efficiency is improved by a large margin . It is generally acknowledged , a 5 axle gear beds of efficiency can equal 2 3 axle gear beds , use cubic nitrogen boron wait ultra hard material milling cutter go on at a high speed milling , sharpening , quenching hard steel at the part, 5 axle link , process constant 3 axle link , process , give play to high benefit. But go over because 5 axles link the numerical control system , plicated reason of host puter structure, price its link numerical control to be lathe several times higher than 3 axle, in addition programming technological difficulty relatively heavy , have restricted 5 axle gear beds of development. At present because of electric appearance of main shaft, make , realize 5 axle pound main shaft hair structure processed to link greatly simplify, it make difficulty and cost reduce by a large margin , numerical control price disparity of systems shrink. So promo