外文翻譯-----恒壓供水的控制與節(jié)能的探索(參考版)
2025-05-16 11:48本頁面
【正文】 四、結(jié)束語 以變頻調(diào)速為核心的供水方式 ,節(jié)水、節(jié)電效果 明顯 ,可廣泛適用于 20～ 10000 戶居民生活區(qū)、高層建筑、賓館、飯店、消防或小區(qū)加壓供水 ,也是中小型自來水廠給水的理想設(shè)施 .其供水質(zhì)量高 ,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益明顯 ,社會(huì)效益巨大 ,隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人民生活水平的不斷提高 ,它一定會(huì)在我國(guó)逐步得到應(yīng)用與推廣。在大流量的情況下 ,經(jīng)壓力比較電路通過PLC 發(fā)出 “ 變頻 / 工 頻 切 換 ” 與 “ 運(yùn)行聯(lián)鎖 ” 指令 , 機(jī) 械 聯(lián) 鎖 接 觸 器(2KM(2KM1+2KM2)中的 2KM接觸器 3KM 得電 .這時(shí) ,電機(jī) 2M 以變頻方式啟動(dòng) ,1M 則切換至工頻全速運(yùn)行 .這樣 ,本系統(tǒng)能始終將用水量維持在一個(gè)恒定的壓力上 .前述小區(qū)建成初期 ,供水采用工頻方式 ,因能耗大 ,可靠性差 ,住戶反映強(qiáng)烈 .改用變頻供水后 ,裝機(jī)總?cè)萘枯^原設(shè)備減小 25%,實(shí)際綜合節(jié)電指標(biāo)接近 30%,效果顯著。內(nèi)置的瞬時(shí)停電再啟動(dòng)與再試啟動(dòng)功能 ,在無人看管的情況下 ,即使變頻器停機(jī)后也可自行啟動(dòng) ,完全實(shí)現(xiàn)了以自動(dòng)化方式 的運(yùn)行 . 6 本系統(tǒng)中的 PID 調(diào)節(jié)器可用變頻器內(nèi)置式值很大 ,這就會(huì)存在偏差調(diào)節(jié) .在消除偏差調(diào)節(jié)的過程中 ,必然導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)較大的超調(diào)和長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的振蕩 ,同時(shí)還會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的積分飽和現(xiàn)象 ,從而影響了設(shè)備的正常運(yùn)行 .要把這種影響降至最低 ,就應(yīng)在控制算法中采用積分分離的 PID控制方式 ,以達(dá)到預(yù)期效果 .經(jīng)這樣處理后 ,可大大縮短系統(tǒng)達(dá)到穩(wěn)定的過渡過程時(shí)間 .系統(tǒng)中配備兩臺(tái) 11kW水泵 (1M為主泵 ,2M為備用泵 )供 600余戶居民用水 .兩臺(tái)泵同時(shí)工作時(shí)提供最大高峰流量 ,單臺(tái)則滿足小流量和夜間供水 .另外 ,所有水泵均能以變頻方式運(yùn)行 ,即可以 循環(huán)方式軟啟動(dòng) ,這樣能減小對(duì)電網(wǎng)和管網(wǎng)的沖擊 .值得注意的是 ,兩泵在變頻與工頻之間切換時(shí) ,僅有程序互鎖是不夠的 ,輸出必須采用機(jī)械聯(lián)鎖接觸器 ,這樣可避免兩個(gè)接觸器瞬間同時(shí)閉合的情況 ,以免造成電源的瞬間短路。 變頻器的品種繁多 ,如三菱、富士、三肯及 ABB 等型號(hào) .一般常選用泵類、風(fēng)機(jī)專用系列 .以三菱 FRA140E 為例 ,它除了一般品牌所具有的功能外 ,還有如下特點(diǎn) :內(nèi)部采用 IPM智能功率模塊 ,使電機(jī)的噪音減至最低 。 該系統(tǒng)能自動(dòng)檢測(cè)用戶的瞬時(shí)水壓 ,據(jù)此調(diào)節(jié)給水量的多少及電機(jī)的運(yùn)行狀況 .還可根據(jù)所需的給水壓力設(shè)定控制壓力值 ,讓設(shè)備始終處于恒壓狀態(tài) ,從負(fù)載電機(jī)的特性可知 ,所配電機(jī)的軸功率與其轉(zhuǎn)速的三次方成正比 ,即 .例如 ,當(dāng)變頻器輸出頻率為 35Hz(最高設(shè)定為 50Hz),也就是實(shí)際轉(zhuǎn)速為額定轉(zhuǎn)速的 70%時(shí) ,調(diào)速器的用電量為 ,約占額定的 35%.也就是說 ,水泵總處于恒壓變流量匹配方式的 工作狀態(tài) ,從而消除了超壓和回流的無功損耗 .恒速與變頻調(diào)速軸功率變化曲線如圖 2所示 ,比較可知 ,變頻調(diào)速方式節(jié)能效果最為明顯。恒壓供水。 In case of large flow , pare frequency conversion by pressure circuit send out through PLC constant/changed switch over frequently operate and interlock the order, machinery interlocks the contactor ( 2KM2 in 2KM (2KM1 +2KM2 ), contactor 3KM have the electricity. At this moment, electrical machinery 2M is started by way of frequency conversion, 1M is switched over and run at full speed frequently to run . In this way, this system can maintain water consumption on a invariable pressure all the time . Built up in the aforesaid district initial stage , supply water and adopt the way frequently of workers, because of energy consumption being heavy dependability is bad, the household reflects strongly. Use instead after frequency conversion supply water, installation total capacity reduce 25% than original equipment , economize on electricity the index is close 30% synthetically actually, the result is remarkable. Several questions while apply are in case of great majority The environment for use of the scene is paratively abominable . Though frequency converter has very strong protection functions itself, such as owe keep , excessive pressure , is it flow to pass, electric current amplitude limiting is it make exactly to choose, overload, overheated lacking looking , shorting out and disconnected ink protect the function But must prevent trouble before it happens . Through using finding , two kinds of brands of Mitsubishi , Fuji, because has fully considered various kinds of abominable running environment in design and manufacture. The dependability and service life under the same condition are higher than some brands. One small city of mountain area of west place in Hubei in Hubei, average 1200m above sea level, the humidity on the high side of longterm most of the time (about 80%), the sulfur dioxide is seriously polluted, a set of frequency conversion that one factory produces supplies water of the equipment, because has not considered abovementioned factors , less than one year, the relevant parts of the equipment are corroded seriously. And the like product which we
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