【正文】 B.Filling the gap.Public education will replace it in the future.D.More developed countries enjoy it.B. otherwise governments will find themselves helping the better off and increasing inequality.s virtues. Freedom from independent management is at the root of its superior performance and greater efficiency. Governments should therefore do their best to give school principals more freedom to innovate and to fire underperforming teachers. Governments are right to worry about private education39。 In rich countries, once the background and ability of the children who attend private schools are taken into account, their exams results are about the same as those in the state education. But in developing countries private schools are better—and much more efficient. A study of eight Indian states found that, in terms of learning outes per rupee, private schools were between times and 29 times more costeffective than state schools.s PISA test, also has the fastestgrowing private education. ① Education used to be provided by religious institutions or entrepreneurs. But when governments, starting in Prussia in the 18th century, got into the business of nationbuilding, they realized they could use education to shape young minds. As state systems grew, private schooling was left to the elite and the pious(虔誠(chéng)的). Now it is enjoying popularity again, for several reasons. Ines are rising, especially among the better off, at the same time as birth rates are falling. In China the former onechild policy means that six people—two parents and four grandparents—can pour money into educating a single child. If spending is a measure of what matters, then the people of the developing world place a high value on brains. While private spending on education has not changed much in the rich world in the past ten years, in China and India it has more than doubled. Since brainpower is the primary generator of progress, this burst of enthusiasm for investing in private education is excellent news for the world. But not everybody is delighted. Because private education increases inequality, some governments are trying to stop its advance. That39。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。本文主題為The importance of the ordinary in history,（歷史中普通人的重要性）各段落緊扣主題內(nèi)容,論證了作者在本文中的觀點(diǎn)普通人是很重要的。故選B。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“According to historian Catherine Gallagher, the potato was once a matter of great argument. ”以及“ It seems that European socialism started with an argument about vegetables.” 可知作者在文中提到了potato,而恰恰是對(duì)potato的討論帶來(lái)了社會(huì)的變革。故選A。根據(jù)第一段中的“All the ordinary decisions we make and ordinary things we do are society in action.”及第二段中的“But has he been of more benefit to humanity than the unknown person who invented the first really fortable shoe? Try thinking great thoughts when your feet hurt.”可知第一個(gè)發(fā)明舒適的鞋的未知人的重要性。論述了關(guān)注社會(huì)中普通人的重要性。D.The increasing interest in microhistory.B.They preferred to look serious.（4）What is mainly discussed in the text? A.Their teeth looked terrible.C.They lived a hard life.It led to great changes in society.（3）Why didn39。It brought about a struggle against the rich.B.To show greatness es from the ordinary.（2）What was the most important thing about the argument about the potato? A.To show history is created by the unknown.C.To show the ordinary is necessary. In recent years, books of microhistory have been a great success with the public. Most micro historians like to relate their subject to wider developments in society. According to historian Catherine Gallagher, the potato was once a matter of great argument. Supporters pointed out that it could grow cheaply and easily and help feed the poor. Opponents said that this would lead to the poor being more powerful, since they did not have to spend every hour working to feed themselves. It seems that European socialism started with an argument about vegetables. British historian Colin Jones wants us to look at pictures painted hundreds of years ago. He wants us to notice the fact that nobody smiles in these pictures. Compare that with today, when everyone smiles for the camera and refusing to smile is seen as an unfriendly act. It is all because of dentistry, he says. Once people were able to look after their teeth, they began to smile and the world became a happier place.s words, has also spread to historians. Traditionally, most history has been written as the story of greatness. It is all about great ideas, great people and great economic and social forces changing the way that millions of people live for ever. Albert Einstein39。 How was your day today? If it was just sort of OK, with nothing much happening, then Scott Shaffer wants to hear from you. Mr Shaffer is the editor of the Journal of Mundane Behaviour. We can learn a lot about the way that society works by examining normal patterns of behavior, he says. All the ordinary decisions we make and ordinary things we do are society in action. 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。由此可知，作者會(huì)同意讓孩子為路做準(zhǔn)備，而不是為孩子準(zhǔn)備路的觀點(diǎn)。and let them grow.“然而，我們有充分的理由懷疑，通過(guò)剝奪我們天生抗脆弱的孩子成長(zhǎng)所需的廣泛經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我們正在系統(tǒng)性地阻止他們的成長(zhǎng)。 （4）考查推理判斷。可知，作者認(rèn)為，自由玩?？梢蕴岣吆⒆拥倪m應(yīng)力。 （3）考查推理判斷?？芍?，父母過(guò)分保護(hù)孩子，因?yàn)樗麄儞?dān)心孩子的安全。 fault. In the UK, as in the US, parents became much more fearful in the1980s and 1990s as cable TV and later the Internet exposed everyone, more and more, to those rare occurrences of crimes and accidents that now occur less and less.“這不是孩子們的錯(cuò)。根據(jù)第四段中的”It39。故選D。免疫系統(tǒng)就是其中之一:它需要在兒童時(shí)期接觸某些種類的細(xì)菌和潛在的過(guò)敏原，以充分發(fā)展其能力。根據(jù)第二段中的”Nassim Taleb invented the word’antifragile‘a(chǎn)nd used it to describe a small but very important class of systems that gain from shocks, challenges, and disorder. The immune (免疫的) system is one of them: it requires exposure to certain kinds of bacteria and potential