【正文】 s land policy, a policy that is just, builds reconciliation and stability and contributes to economic growth, is set out in the White Paper on South African Land Policy. The government39。s land reform programme is made up of land restitution(which involves returning land lost since 1913 because of racially discriminatory laws, or pensating victims for loss of land due to racially discriminatory laws), land redistribution (makes it possible for poor and disadvantaged people to buy land with the help of a Settlement/Land Acquisition Grant) and land tenure reform (it aims to bring all people occupying land under a unitary, legally validated system of landholding.) This programme will devise secure forms of land tenure, help resolve tenure disputes and provide alternatives for people who are displaced in the process. In the long run, as part of the land tenure reform programme, **大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文 8 government is mitted to the transfer of the land, which is in the nominal ownership of the state, to its real owners. The White Paper emphasizes the importance of local participation in decisionmaking, gender equity, economic viability, and environmental sustainability in the implementation of the land reform programmes. This White Paper is not only focusing on the urban areas but also on the rural areas. The deeds registration system in South Africa differs from the Botswana system. It has only one deeds registration system, and this system does not provide for the registration of all the different land tenure rights that are statutorily recognized. A large part of the population, notably people in informal settlements and in rural areas where a system of munal property still prevails, is excluded from the deeds registration system. In the White Paper on South African Land Policy a part of the land policy has been set aside for development of the registration system to make the registration of informal land rights in urban and rural areas possible. Whilst existing government policy provides a great range of inputs for planning and development, the White Paper on Local Government is critical as it places municipalities at the centre of planning for better human settlements. The new municipal planning system is founded on the concept of “developmental local government”. It emphasizes integrated development planning as a tool for realizing the vision of developmental local government. The Urban Development Framework published by the Department of Housing, examines the current dilemmas and realities facing South Africa?s urban areas, whilst the Rural Development Framework describes how government aims to achieve a rapid and sustainable reduction in absolute rural poverty. CONCLUSION Physical planners use the term land development to describe the process of identifying, acquiring and releasing land and resources for development. The aim of development is to attempt to overe the problems in our cities. Planning aims to change our cities from being separate and sprawling into integrated, pact cities. Since the time of ancient civilizations, cities have been the powerhouses of economic growth and the centres of technological and scientific advancement. Cities have always acted as mags attracting people in search of a better life. Rapid urbanization is, however, threatening the **大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文 9 environment, human health and the productive capacity of cities. The most pressing problems facing cities and towns, mainly in the developing world is unemployment, crime, the health impact of inadequate services, pollution, inadequate shelter and overcrowding. As is th。、資料題目： Rural and Urban Land Development and Land Tenure Systems: A Comparison between South Africa and Botswana 文獻(xiàn)、資料來源： 網(wǎng)絡(luò) 文獻(xiàn)、資料發(fā)表（出版） 日期： 院 （部）： 管理 工程學(xué)院 專 業(yè)： 土地資源管理 班 級： 姓 名： 學(xué) 號： 指導(dǎo)教師： 翻譯日期： **大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文 1 外文 文獻(xiàn) ： RURAL AND URBAN LAND DEVELOPMENT AND LAND TENURE SYSTEMS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN SOUTH AFRICA AND BOTSWANA Susan Bouillon Legal Advisor: