國(guó)際商務(wù)策略競(jìng)爭(zhēng)分析英文-wenkub.com
2025-03-05 14:38 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 Wellinformed consultant and business partner.” Mitsui 32 Mitsui is in top 15 of Fortune Global 500 33 Global intermediary strategy Beating bypass petition Trade Country H Transaction cost T Serve Country A Source Country B Bypass petition Transaction cost T* Transaction strategy offers innovative transactions Your costs of trade T must be less than petitor costs of trade T* Example: Li Fung 34 Global intermediary strategy Market maker ? Cemex ? Mittal ? Cargill ? BP Amoco ? eBay The global market maker aggregates demand across countries and aggregates supply across countries 35 Ingram Micro: the leading international wholesaler of technology products and services ? Wholesales 280,000 puter hardware and software products – think of number of prices! ? Sources in US and many other countries from 1,700 manufacturers ? Serves 175,000 resellers in more than 100 countries ? Serves through operations and affiliates in 35 countries ? Establishes prices, coordinates sales and purchases, clears the market, allocates products Global intermediary strategy Market maker 36 Global intermediary strategy Market maker ? Creates and operates international markets ? Chooses prices, conveys information ? Adjusts sourcing and serving to clear markets – avoids efficiency losses from market imbalances ? Provides immediacy: ready to buy and sell ? Allocates goods and services across countries ? Gathers and aggregates information about customers and suppliers on an international level, inventories, orders, and production ? Applies IT to international coordination ? Earns returns from international risk pooling 37 Global intermediary strategy Agents ? Export Marketing Company (EMC) represents sellers, can be broker or dealer, bears risks, arranges resale, transportation, credit ? Export Trading Company (ETC) represents buyers, handles imports, usually takes title to goods ? Act as international agent: provide expertise in negotiation, market knowledge ? Provide trust to buyers and sellers ? Allows principal to delegate authority for distant transactions ? Provides market expertise, often to smaller firms 38 Global intermediary strategy More agents ? Piggyback arrangements: . Sony distributes in Japan for Whirlpool。 Financier, Investor。s largest food products marketing anization. ? Two million farmers in the cooperative ? Slogan: “A taste of India” ? PRICE: 10 rupees (20 cents): 100 milliliter Amul ice cream versus 80 milliliter Hindustan Lever Kwality Wall vanilla ice cream ? ADVERTISING COSTS: Amul: 1% of sales versus Hindustan Lever: 1015% of sales on advertising UNILEVER in India – Kwality Wall Hindustan Lever faces successful local petitor 5 Umbrella brands: Nestl233。Competitive strategies: Global vs. local 169。 products in the supermarket. Some products carry both global brand and local brand. 6 Global platform strategy The global ch
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