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【正文】 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., 2022 Cohesiveness ? Determinates of cohesiveness: can be altered to change cohesiveness levels in a group. ? Group Size: small groups allow high cohesiveness. ? Low cohesiveness groups with many members can benefit from splitting into two groups. ? Managed Diversity: Diverse groups often e up with better solutions. ? Group Identity: When cohesiveness is low, encourage a group to adopt a unique identity and engage in healthy petition with others. ? Success: cohesiveness increases with success. ? Look for a way for a group to find some small success. 1421 Irwin/McGrawHill 169。 Deviance: members conform to norms to: ? Obtain rewards, imitate respected members, and because they feel the behavior is right. ? When a member deviates, other members will try to make them conform, expel the member, or change the group norms to acmodate them. ? Conformity and deviance must be balanced for high performance from the group. ? Deviance allows for new ideas in the group. 1417 Irwin/McGrawHill 169。The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., 2022 Group Roles ? Role: set of behaviors a group member is expected to perform because of their position in the group. ? In crossfunctional teams, members perform roles in their specialty. ? Managers need to clearly describe expected roles to group members when they are assigned to the group. ? Rolemaking occurs as workers take on more roles as group members. ? Selfmanaged teams may assign the roles to members themselves. 1414 Irwin/McGrawHill 169。The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., 2022 Informal Groups and Teams ?Created by the workers to meet their needs. ? Friendship group: made up of employees who enjoy each other’s pany. ? Satisfy the need for human interaction and social support. ? Interest Groups: Workers seek to achieve a mon goal based on their membership in the anization. ? Managers should observe interest groups to learn what employees see as important. 1410 Irwin/McGrawHi
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