【正文】 軸封的形式：即帶有骨架的橡膠密封、填料密封和機械密封。其作用是通過控制二者之間間隙的方法，增加泵內(nèi)高低壓腔之間液體流動的阻力，減少泄漏。泵軸是泵轉(zhuǎn)子的主要零件，軸上裝有葉輪、軸套、平衡盤等零件。 葉輪分類:①按照液體流入分類：單吸葉輪（在葉輪的一側(cè)有一個入口）和雙吸葉輪（液體從葉輪的兩側(cè)對稱地流到葉輪流道中）。 ①吸入室:它的作用是使液體均勻地流進葉輪。液體從葉輪獲得能量,使壓力能和速度能均增加,并依靠此能量將液體輸送到工作地點。s situation to start.外文文獻(xiàn)二翻譯泵的概述泵是應(yīng)用非常廣泛的通用機械，可以說是液體流動之處，幾乎都有泵在工作。s start (1) all operates the inlet valve, closes the outlet valve, the starting dynamo.(2), when the pump outlet pressure is bigger than the service pressure, inspects each work on six cylinders, turns on the outlet valve (3) starting dynamo, if the start or has time the unusual sound, should the dump inspection, after eliminating the breakdown, immediately only then (4) start, pays attention to the human not to face the shaft coupling, by against departs offends somebody.3. the centrifugal pump stops the pump to operate (1) to close pump39。s rotation direction first to be whether correct. (2) inspection pumps out the inlet line and the attached pipeline, the flange, the valve installs whether to meet the requirement, foot bolt and grounding to be whether good, whether the shaft coupling does install.(3) jigger inspection, rotates whether normally.(4) inspection lubricating oil oil level is whether normal, refuels without the oil, and inspects the lubricating oil (fat) oil material nature.(5) turns on various cooling water valve, and inspects the pipeline to be whether unimpeded. Attention cooling water not suitable oversized or too small, will create the waste oversized, too small, then the cooling performance will be bad. Generally the cooling current of water bees the striation (6) dozen of pumping39。s permission net positive suction head is: 4. Enhances the centrifugal pump anticavitation performance the method to include: (1). I mprovement machine pump structure, reduces, is machine the pump design question. (2). Enhancement installment effective net positive suction head. Most mainly the most monly used method uses the irrigation inspiration installment. In addition, reduces the inspiration pipeline resistance loss as far as possible, reduces the liquid the saturated steam tension, namely when design inspiration pipeline selects caliber big as far as possible, length short, the bend and valve few, transportation liquid temperature as far as possible low and so on measures, may enhance the installment the effective cavitation remainder.s operating performance: When the cavitation develops the certain extent, the  steam bubble produces massively, will stop up the flow channel, will cause pump39。s rotational speed, calculates the ns number, determines pump39。s speed change, is a new important energy conservation way. 2. proportionality law expression In the formula, Q, H, N pump39。s length, the size, the shape, the surface roughness, as well as liquid speed of flow and characteristic.2. Volumetric loss: volumetric loss was already obtained the energy liquid to have a part to flee the result which in the pump the class and leaked outward. Pump39。s main parameter,uses the symbolic representation. 5. Power and efficiency: Pump39。s increment, indicated with H, the unit is m. 3. Rotational speed: Pump39。s liquid divulging and the air enters in the pump, achieves seals and prevents the air admission to cause the pump cavitation goal. the axis seals form: Namely has skeleton39。s major parts, on the axis is loaded with ponents and so on impeller, axle sleeve, balance disc. The pump spindle depending on the both sides bearing supporting, makes the high speed rotation in the pump, thus the pump spindle in a big way wants the bearing capacity, to be wearresisting, to be anticorrosive. Pump spindle39。s lateral symmetry liudao impeller passage). ②Is opposite according to the liquid in centerline39。s structure and main spare part A centrifugal pump mainly by the pump body, the impeller, the packing ring, the rotation axis, the axis seals parts and so on box to be posed, some centrifugal pumps are also loaded with the guide pulley, the inducer, the balance disc and so on. 1. Pump body: Namely pump39。s power consumption approximately poses the national total output of electrical energy 1/5, obviously the pump is natural consumes energy the wealthy and powerful family. Therefore, raises the pump technical level to save the energy consumption to have the important meaning.First. Centrifugal pump39。s outlineThe pump is the application very widespread general machinery, may say that is place of the fluid flow, nearly has the pump in the work. Moreover, along with science39。 齒輪泵由一個獨立的電機驅(qū)動，可有效地阻斷上游的壓力脈動及流量波動。也可以采用Rheoseal密封，它在軸封內(nèi)表上加工有反向螺旋槽，可使聚合物被反壓回到進口。這一特性減少了聚合物滯留并降解的可能性。由于這些限制，齒輪泵制造