【正文】 t know, about ten. Ten to 15. Fifteen maybe to 20.Voiceover It isn39。s easier than phoning.Andy I39。t difficult to see why it quickly became part of youth culture.Emily I use it every day. I don39。ve really heard them. Kate Very good, Janet. I can see you39。ve never thought about that before. Kate Yes, for example, one thing you can do is listen carefully and then repeat what someone says but maybe a little differently. Janet So what you39。s great! At the moment, she39。re saying she39。clock OK?Kate Three39。t be able to e to the next training session. Abbie Um ... It39。s Kate Santos.Abbie Hi! I39。s a university helpline for students who are having problems. I39。t told you, I39。t she? Kate Yes, how do you know her? Janet She has a tutorial just after me so we chat a bit. We get on really well. Kate Yes, everyone likes Abbie. I think it39。s out, I39。re learning to read, for example, the letters are made of sandpaper so that children can feel the shape of the letter.Interviewer Do you think there are disadvantages with Montessori methods?Claudia Yes, there are. Maria Montessori didn39。s so that the child can see if they39。s very important. Another important principle is that children direct their own learning. They choose what they want to do.Interviewer So the teacher doesn39。re better how do you feel about your life?Martin What can I say? I39。d also forgotten the names of a lot of things. She had this thing called a word board and I could point to words and phrases on it that I wanted to say. I had to repeat words up to 20 times boy, it was hard, so hard.Interviewer Could you say anything to begin with?Martin I could say three words. Hi, Yes and No. That was all. And there were a lot of words I couldn39。t say a word. And I couldn39。s been lucky enough to make a full recovery from it. Can you tell us how it all began, Martin?Martin I39。d just like you to have a look at this mind map and tell me what some of the most noticeable or striking features are that we can talk about.Student 2 There is a centre.Teacher There is a centre. There is what we call a central word, a central word or a phrase. It might also be a sentence or a question. You might have that in the centre of the board and your related thoughts spiraling or radiating out. What else do you notice about the design of this mind map?Student 1 There are only words, not sentences.Teacher Exactly. There are many what we call key words as they capture the main thought of, of an issue rather than a long sentence or, or a passage. This helps us to concentrate on the main issues and find connections between these issues as well. What other aspects of design do you notice here?Student 5 It looks like a tree.Teacher It does look like a tree because it has branches. By having branches, it shows how, um, thinking is radiating out or spiraling out from key ideas or central ideas to key words to subwords and, and so forth. Are there any other aspects of design which you notice in this particular map?Student 2 You used a lot of colours.Teacher I did. I perhaps use too many colours. I have used different colour to show the different key words or different aspects of mind mapping. You might like to use different colours to highlight different sections of a mind map or key information. Or you may, you may choose to have it all in one colour. It39。d like us to talk about some of the advantages or the benefits of using mind maps instead of just writing everything on a piece of paper. One of the most obvious advantages, as you can see, is that mind maps are very visual. They give us um, almost a picture, a, a different perspective in terms of a picture, or a diagram of understanding information or understanding connected ideas, which is very helpful for people who like to learn from a different way. Are there any other advantages that you can think of for mind mapping?Student 4 It lists the main points.Teacher They do. They do list the main points. We could call this um, a quick summary. As you can see, we have main ideas throughout our mind map, not long texts. And in this way, it helps us to grasp the, the key ideas and the key connections for mind maps or for our given subject. Are there any other advantages you can think of?Student 1 To think creatively.Teacher To think creatively. That39。d like to do next is look at some of the uses or the reasons for using mind maps. What are some of the reasons for using mind maps?Student 2 To make a list?Teacher To make a list? Yes. We could say to brainstorm ideas. Everyone contributes thenideas as many ideas as quickly as possible, from everyone in a shorter time, er, as, as we can manage. OK, brainstorming is one of the most important um, um, uses of mind maps. What might be another use or another reason for using mind maps?Student 3 It can help me take notes in the class.Teacher OK, for the notetaking, a very good reason. Mind maps help us to get an overview or a, a quick understanding about a subject. By using mind maps to collect the main ideas from what the teacher says, you can keep a, a very general understanding of a topic and understand connections quite easily and um, quickly. What are some other uses of mind maps?Student 4 Preparing for exams?Teacher OK. Preparing for exams. That39。m hungry.Outside viewPart 1Teacher Good morning, class.Students Good morning.Teacher What we39。ll make a statement. Your task is to examine it and then ask questions. Janet OK. Kate Everyone is capable of learning a second language. Go on, ask a question! Janet Why do you say that? Kate That39。s giving your opinion and then justifying it. Kate Yes, I suppose that39。re lucky. There39。t have tutorials. And mostly, our teacher tells us what we should do. So I39。re telling me! There39。d better get going! Janet Oh, Mark! What a good memory you have!Conversation 2Kate You39。m not sure ... True?Janet Actually, it39。s more difficult to remember things. Mark That39。re right, exercise does improve your