【正文】 here any other advantages you can think of?Student 1 To think creatively.Teacher To think creatively. That39。s a very good point. We could call this creative thinking. And what we mean here is basically thinking outside of the box or thinking laterally. Mind maps are illogical and by being illogical they encourage us to think creatively, you might say.Part2Teacher Next, I39。d just like you to have a look at this mind map and tell me what some of the most noticeable or striking features are that we can talk about.Student 2 There is a centre.Teacher There is a centre. There is what we call a central word, a central word or a phrase. It might also be a sentence or a question. You might have that in the centre of the board and your related thoughts spiraling or radiating out. What else do you notice about the design of this mind map?Student 1 There are only words, not sentences.Teacher Exactly. There are many what we call key words as they capture the main thought of, of an issue rather than a long sentence or, or a passage. This helps us to concentrate on the main issues and find connections between these issues as well. What other aspects of design do you notice here?Student 5 It looks like a tree.Teacher It does look like a tree because it has branches. By having branches, it shows how, um, thinking is radiating out or spiraling out from key ideas or central ideas to key words to subwords and, and so forth. Are there any other aspects of design which you notice in this particular map?Student 2 You used a lot of colours.Teacher I did. I perhaps use too many colours. I have used different colour to show the different key words or different aspects of mind mapping. You might like to use different colours to highlight different sections of a mind map or key information. Or you may, you may choose to have it all in one colour. It39。ll put a question mark because this again is a personal choice and how you like to design your mind maps. For example, I might choose to use a thought bubble as a symbol, highlighting or identifying my central phrase, mind maps. This could be a, a feature of my own mind maps. Whenever I design a mind map, I highlight my central thought using a speech bubble symbol.Listening inPassage 1Interviewer With us today is Martin Downes, a carpenter, who39。s been lucky enough to make a full recovery from it. Can you tell us how it all began, Martin?Martin I39。s house, building a cupboard, and the next thing I knew, I woke up in hospital with people in white coats bending over me.Interviewer It must have been very frightening.Martin It was. But what was really frightening was that I couldn39。t say a word. And I couldn39。t know what would have happened to me if I hadn39。d also forgotten the names of a lot of things. She had this thing called a word board and I could point to words and phrases on it that I wanted to say. I had to repeat words up to 20 times boy, it was hard, so hard.Interviewer Could you say anything to begin with?Martin I could say three words. Hi, Yes and No. That was all. And there were a lot of words I couldn39。s not that mon, is it?Martin I was lucky. I was given the right drug at the right time. And I had 12 weeks of therapy, five days a week. That39。re better how do you feel about your life?Martin What can I say? I39。s known, is used in nursery schools in countries such as America, Canada, Britain and Germany. Recent research shows that children educated at a Montessori nursery do better later on at school than other children in all subjects. We asked two Montessori teachers, Claudia Rosella and Sarah Harrington, to explain what makes their nursery school different. Sarah...Sarah I think the first thing to say is that a Montessori classroom is very quiet, very clean. Everything stays in the same place. So the children are calm and quiet as a result.Interviewer So they39。s very important. Another important principle is that children direct their own learning. They choose what they want to do.Interviewer So the teacher doesn39。s often made of wood, isn39。s so that the child can see if they39。t need the teacher so much?Sarah That39。re learning to read, for example, the letters are made of sandpaper so that children can feel the shape of the letter.Interviewer Do you think there are disadvantages with Montessori methods?Claudia Yes, there are. Maria Montessori didn39。ll see if she39。s out, I39。s calling? Kate Kate Santos. Jacky Kate Santos, OK. Does Abbie have your number? Kate Yes, she does. Jacky I39。t she? Kate Yes, how do you know her? Janet She has a tutorial just after me so we chat a bit. We get on really well. Kate Yes, everyone likes Abbie. I think it39。s really interested in people she39。t told you, I39。ve never heard of it. Kate Look, I39。s a university helpline for students who are having problems. I39。re a volunteer? Kate Yes. Janet Oh, that39。s Kate Santos.Abbie Hi! I39。ve got a lot on at the moment. How39。t be able to e to the next training session. Abbie Um ... It39。s someone at the door.…Abbie Hi, I39。clock OK?Kate Three39。ll call you then. Speak soon. Kate Bye. Abbie Bye.…Kate Abbie39。re saying she39。s still a student. Kate Well, experienced students train new students, that39。s great! At the moment, she39。re listening. It39。ve never thought about that before. Kate Yes, for example, one thing you can do is listen carefully and then repeat what someone says but maybe a little differently. Janet So what you39。ve understood and you show them you39。ve really heard them. Kate Very good, Janet. I can see you39。s it going?Outside viewVoiceover It39。t difficult to see why it quickly became part of youth culture.Emily I use it every day. I don39。s easy and quick to send things and arrange things by text.Heidi Mainly to friends. Sometimes it39。s easier than phoning.Andy I39。t really talk much on it except just to make arrangements but texting39。t know, about ten. Ten to 15. Fifteen maybe to 20.Voiceover It isn3