【正文】 There is another belief in the hard sciences, something that we take for granted. 自然科學(xué)還有另一個假設(shè)，我們常常將它視為理所當(dāng)然。What is the way out? How can you overe the resistance to change? 要怎么解決呢？你如何克服拒絕改變的心態(tài)呢？Remember what does it imply? 還記得這隱含了什么意義？It implies that always you are facing a second layer of resistance to change which is – we agree on the problem, but we do not agree on the direction of the solution. 隱含著你總會碰到第二層的拒絕改變，也就是—我們同意問題，但是不同意解決方案的方向。What is the chance of getting a consensus on the direction of the solution under such environment? 在這樣的環(huán)境下，對解決方案的方向取得共識的機(jī)率是多少？About the chance of a snowflake surviving in hell.幾乎不可能。But to what direction? downwards.但是要朝哪個方向改變呢？向下。Now put yourself in the shoes of the people that this need is more important for them than this need. 現(xiàn)在你交換角色，站在別人的立場，他們認(rèn)為這個需求比這個需求更重要。妥協(xié)的意義是什么？You will find out that the organization is vibrating over some point on the conflict arrow. 你會發(fā)現(xiàn)組織在沖突箭頭上的某一點會搖擺不定。Some other people due to their different responsibility will say this is what I have to take care of. 其它人會說—這是我必須負(fù)責(zé)的部分。The conflict es from where? – the prerequisites, in order to have that I need that, in order to have that I need the opposite and here I have the conflict. 沖突來自于哪里？條件，為了要有這個，我需要這個，為了要有那個，我需要那個，所以我在這里有沖突。The needs are totally legitimate.這些需求都十分合情合理。As a matter of fact you know now that every core problem can be presented as a conflict, as a cloud. 實際上，你現(xiàn)在知道可以用沖突圖來呈現(xiàn)每個核心問題。Do you agree with me that as long as a person has a direction of a solution is his mind, he is not open to entertain any other suggestion? 只要一個人對解決方案有了具體的方向，他就不會再接受其它建議？你同意嗎？Correct?對不對？He has already set the direction, he doesn’t want to hear anything else. 他已經(jīng)設(shè)立方向，不想聽其它意見。What is the first 130 pages? 那么前面的130頁在說什么？It is the build of the current reality tree to prove that if you plain on all of these things, we must start by changing that, by attacking the thing which is at the core. 在建構(gòu)現(xiàn)況圖，來證明如果你抱怨這些事情，我們就必須開始改變，解決核心問題。Now we can get a consensus that doesn’t matter which one you think is bigger, this is the thing that we must change.無論你認(rèn)為哪件事比較重要，這就是必須改變的事，現(xiàn)在我們對這一點可以取得共識。But then, what is the message of this tree? 但是，這棵樹傳達(dá)了什么訊息？The message is that this is the core problem. This is the cause for all of it. 傳達(dá)的訊息是：這就是核心問題，引發(fā)了所有癥狀。These are the things that we don’t like, that we want to change. 這些是我們不喜歡的情況，我們想要改變。Now look why is it essential when we are ing to deal with resistance to change. 現(xiàn)在看一下，為什么在處理拒絕改變時，這一點很重要？Lets now merge the two. 我們把兩個結(jié)合在一起。Which means what was presented to us is a partial description. This is a partial description of such a system.也就是說，呈現(xiàn)在我們面前的是一部分的敘述，只描述了這個系統(tǒng)的一部分。And this ‘must be because four is too plex’ was enough, is enough for putting so many scientists to look for it, totally convinced that it must be there and if we cannot find it is just because we don’t think enough, or we don’t look for it enough, but it must be there. 這一句“必然如此，因為四種作用力太復(fù)雜了。Lets call them forces – the gravitational force, the Electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force. 我們把它們叫做—重力、電磁力、強(qiáng)作用力、弱作用力。And the belief of the hard science is there are no plex systems in reality.自然科學(xué)的假設(shè)是—現(xiàn)實生活中沒有復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)。Do you know what is the meaning of basic belief? Something that you cannot prove. 你知道基本假設(shè)的意義是什么嗎？就是你無法證實的事情。They are asking themselves another question, which is – how many points in the system do I have to touch in order to impact the entire system? 他們問自己另一個問題：我必須碰觸系統(tǒng)內(nèi)多少個點，才能影響整個系統(tǒng)？How many points do I have to touch, how many Archimedes points do I have here that I have to touch in order to change the whole system? 我必須碰觸多少點，多少阿基米得點，才能改變整個系統(tǒng)？They are calling it –what is the degree of freedom of the system. 他們把它叫做—系統(tǒng)的自由程度。In other words, we are judging plexity by the amount of data to describe the system. 換句話說，我們根據(jù)描述系統(tǒng)時使用的數(shù)據(jù)量，來評估其復(fù)雜度?！盩he exact opposite. How e?答案完全相反，為什么呢？Well, it turns out that we are using two different definitions to the same word. 嗯，結(jié)果是我們對于同樣的詞使用兩種不同的定義。If you ask people that have learned from the university of life, who don’t have any degree, but they have learned really from the university of life, and you ask them which system is more plicated, A or B, what do you think will be the answer? 如果你問一些生活閱歷豐富的人，他們雖然沒有文憑，但是長期在社會大學(xué)中歷練，你問他們哪一個系統(tǒng)比較復(fù)雜，你認(rèn)為答案會是什么？The vast majority will not even understand the question. 大部分的人甚至不了解問題。You cannot predict what will be the oute of your decisions. You are bound to lose.你無法預(yù)測決策所帶來的結(jié)果，一定會輸。And it all stems from a different definition to one word, to the word ‘plexity’.差異是來自于對“復(fù)雜”這個詞不同的定義。Do you remember what we talked about, at the beginning of the first session? 你還記得我們在第一講剛開始提到的內(nèi)容嗎？We talked about system approach, the holistic approach. 我們提到系統(tǒng)方式。How can you overe the first layer of resistance to change which is what is the problem we should deal with? 我們應(yīng)該處理什么問題，這就是第一層的拒絕改變，你要如何克服呢？Especially when this is reality. Everyone is bothered by another aspect of it, by another undesirable effect. 尤其是在現(xiàn)實生活中，每個人都被不同的層面、不良效應(yīng)所困擾。At the same time the person is charge of human resources is bothered by a different undesirable effect. 同時，負(fù)責(zé)人力資源的人深受另一個不良效應(yīng)所困擾。Because listen, in every section, in every topic there is more than one undesirable effect. 因為你看，每個部門和每個主題內(nèi)的不良效應(yīng)都不只一個?！盌o you think that this is reasonable? 你認(rèn)為這種說法合理嗎？Which means, if you really want to get a consensus on your idea and if really the first step is to get the consensus on the problem it means immediately you cannot start by showing your solution. 也就是說，如果你真的想為自己的點子取得共識，如果第一個步驟就是對問題取得共識，那么就意謂著—你不能在一開始就提出解決方案。”Go back to your experience and you’ll see that that’s the case. Almost always. 回顧一下過去的經(jīng)驗，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)情況幾乎總是如此。It’s not “the problem” that they are bothered with. 這并不是讓他們感到困擾的“問題”。What is your reaction? 你的反應(yīng)是什么？They are resisting ch