【正文】 因果n 明顯因果關(guān)系的特色詞匯: because, because of, since, for, as, due to, owing to, in that, so, so that, as a result, therefore, there by, hence, consequently, accordingly.n 隱含因果關(guān)系的特色詞匯:a. 表示導(dǎo)致含義: lead to, cause, result, result in, give rise to, render, produce, make, 使役動詞, support, support, stimulate, spur, spark, fuel, motivate, prompt.b. 由……而來: e from, result from, originate, derive from, initiate from, stem from, be attibutable to, be responsive to.c. 反映,體現(xiàn): reflect, present, suggest, show, imply, demonstrate.d. 考慮到…, 依賴…: give, considering, on account of, in view of, thanks to, according to, rely on, depend on, resort to.e. 條件關(guān)系: if, when, while, as, as soon as, as long as, 虛擬條件句.f. 粉刺短語\不定式\獨立主格作狀語216。 段落關(guān)系a. 順承: 無明顯的標(biāo)志詞b. 轉(zhuǎn)折: 有表示對比轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞c. 支持: 有表示舉例的關(guān)聯(lián)詞216。 對比: 時間對比。 解答原則a. 優(yōu)先利用筆記進行判斷排除b. 充分利用已做題目進行判斷排除c. 根據(jù)選項中的關(guān)鍵詞進行定位排除d. 直選和排除結(jié)合e. 盡量最后再做(3) 全局否定事實題目的特點及解答5. 推斷題(Inference Question) (1) 推斷題簡介和提問方式: 參見OG第23頁(2) 推斷題的特點和解答216。 驗證選項中的概念和最大的概念組合是否在文章中出現(xiàn).178。 信息滯留點的概念216。 不認(rèn)識：　　推斷：　從詞的本身　　　　　　　　　　　上下文：因果＼對比＼解釋　　　　　　　代入驗證　　　　　　　猜2. 指代題(Reference Question)(1) 指代題簡介和提問方式: 參見OG第26~27頁(2) 指代題的解答方法216。 類型: country, ragtime…178。 作家: 生平\作品d. 繪畫和雕塑178。 都市化過程: 人口增長\城市擴張\交通發(fā)展\經(jīng)濟繁榮b. 歷史學(xué)和人類學(xué)178。 發(fā)展史178。 古生物: 恐龍(滅絕), 鳥類( 進化史pterosaur→archaeopteryx→modern birds)178。 表面特征。 地形\地貌特征: 成因\分布\氣候\生態(tài)\影響178。 自然科學(xué)a. 生物學(xué)178。 構(gòu)建閱讀邏輯, 變翻譯為整體理解強調(diào)一遍閱讀 (3) 文章的類型和題材1) 文章類型: :參見OG第19頁216。 分詞短語178。 加大理解單位,變單詞為意群組合焦點訓(xùn)練法252。 大量的數(shù)據(jù)堆砌216。 注意：把強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)去掉句子仍然完整＼正確的就是強調(diào)句．　　　　　強調(diào)句不強調(diào)形容詞和代詞．例1: It was just a decade before this (強調(diào)句)that many drug panies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a vatiety of healthrelated conditions.例2: It was she, a Baltimore printer, (強調(diào)句)who published the first office copies of the Declaraton, the first copie (that included the names of its singers and therefore heralded the support of all thirteen colonies).例3: It was in the cities(強調(diào)句) that the elements (that can be associated with modern capitalism first appearedthe use of money and mercial paper in place of barter, open petition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coal or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools).2. 泛讀快速閱讀與有效閱讀(1) 閱讀中的詳略結(jié)合SKIMMING1) 需要詳細(xì)閱讀的內(nèi)容216。 連接句子的并列連詞或標(biāo)點符號之前例1: However, for many years physicists thought that (atom and molecules always were much more likely to emit light spontaneously)and that (stimulated emission thus always would be much weaker)例2: It appeared that 〔Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families (that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution)〕.例3: The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances(同位語,刪除), can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century (when it was recognized for the first time that (food contained constituents (that were essential for human function) )and that (different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents).例4: Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP’s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger(同位語), was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean’s surface and drill in very deep water, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.例5: The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that (reconstruction had to be undertaken also in North, though less spectacularly).例6: The technique of direct carving was a break with the nineteenth century in which (the making of a clay model was considered the creative act) and (the work was then turned over to studio assistant to be cast in plaster or bronze or carved in marble).例7: Anyone (who has handle a fossilized bone) knows that (it is usually not exactly like its modern counterpart), the most obvious difference being that( it is often much heavier)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu).例8: The impressive gain in output 〔stemmed primarily from the way in which (workers made goods since 1790’s)〕, North American enterpreneurseven without the technological improvementhad broadended the scope of the outwork system (that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to succession of workers (who each performed a single step of the production process))例9: The fact that (artisanss, (who were locked on as mechanics or skilled workers in the eighteenth century), (are frequently considered artists today) is directly attibutable to the Arts and Crafts Movement of the nineteenth century)例10: A few art collectors James Bowdoin III of Boston, William Bbyrd of Virginian, and the Aliens abd Hamiltons of Philadelphia (同位語)introduced European art traditions to those colonists〔privileged to visit their galle