【正文】 如：un + usual（尋常） = unusual（不尋常） usual（尋常） + ly = usually（尋常地）轉(zhuǎn)化法：由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞性。There are some English books on the desk.I have some English books. 第17講 聽力人類交際中80％以上是通過(guò)口頭進(jìn)行的，而聽懂對(duì)方的話語(yǔ)是進(jìn)行有效交際的前提和關(guān)鍵。1）主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用is(was)；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用are(were)。1）用于第二人稱，通常省略you?！狪s Mr Green from the UK? —Yes，he is. / No，he isn’t.—Do you have any hobbies? —Yes，I do. / No，I don’t.—Can you play the guitar? —Yes，I can. / No，I can’t.2）特殊疑問(wèn)句：以特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)，要求回答具體問(wèn)題，不能用yes或no來(lái)回答。He likes drawing pictures.—He doesn’t like drawing pictures.I went to the park yesterday. —I didn’t go to the park yesterday.4）陳述句改一般疑問(wèn)句①有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的，把be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前。如：He is going to write a letter tomorrow. I will meet her one day.③ be going to還可以用來(lái)表示有跡象表明某件事將要發(fā)生，常用于天氣等自然現(xiàn)象。如：My brother often went to school by bike last term.The watch was beside the diary a moment ago.I watched the moon and ate the moon cakes last MidAutumn Festival.Jim went to the supermarket yesterday.構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式＋其他動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化規(guī)則：① 一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加ed 如：playplayed，listenlistened，looklooked② 結(jié)尾是e的動(dòng)詞，加d 如：livelived，likeliked，tastetasted③ 輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加ed 如：studystudied，carrycarried，crycried④ 末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加ed 如：stopstopped，planplanned⑤ 不規(guī)則變化 如：am/iswasarewerehave/hashaddodidgowentsitsattelltoldseesawgetgotmakemadegivegavereadreadbuyboughtecamedrawdreweatateflyflewmeetmetputputrunransaysaidsingsangswimswamtaketook一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換肯定句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句及回答He watched TV yesterday.He didn’t watch TV yesterday. —Did he watch TV yesterday?—Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.They played games just now.They didn’t play games just now.— Did they play games just now?—Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t.第15講 一般將來(lái)時(shí)定義：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，以及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備某事。句中常有now，look，listen等詞。在英語(yǔ)中，不同時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，需要用不同的動(dòng)詞形式來(lái)表現(xiàn)，這就叫時(shí)態(tài)。如：Will you please open the window？ Would you like some coffee? 注意區(qū)別：I’d like… 我想要……（接名詞） 如：I’d like some tea.I’d like to… 我想要做……（接動(dòng)詞原形）如：I’d like to go with you.I like… 我喜歡……（接名詞或動(dòng)名詞）如：I like monkeys. I like reading.4） shall 在問(wèn)句中表示征求對(duì)方的意見，主要用于第一人稱。1）can和may都可以用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求或允許，但may比can更正式，更客氣些。他們通常用在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。be動(dòng)詞（am，is，are）① be動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，要與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 如：Su Hai jumps farther than Su Yang.because “因?yàn)椤?，表示因果關(guān)系。 如：There are some desks and chairs in the classroom. but “但是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。序數(shù)詞：表示順序先后。如：at once（立刻，馬上），be good at（擅長(zhǎng)……），look at（看），at home（在家），at school（在學(xué)校）, at weekends（在周末）, at the back of（在……后部）, at night（在夜晚）under 在……下面 如：There is a cat under the table.behind 在……后面 如：There is an umbrella behind the door.near 靠近…… 如：There is a park near my house.beside 在……旁邊 如：The students are standing beside the teacher.next to 緊靠……旁邊 如：The teachers’ office is next to our classroom.before （時(shí)間上）在……之前 如： before class（上課前）after （時(shí)間上）在……之后；依照固定搭配： after class（課后），after school（放學(xué)后），look after（照看），run after（追趕），read after me（跟我讀）1between 在兩者之間 如：There are some trees between Building A and Building B.1by 乘某種交通工具 如：by bus，by plane，by the way（順便說(shuō)一下）1from ①be from = e from（來(lái)自……） 如：Mr Smiths is/es from Australia.②from…to…（從……到……）We go to school from Monday to Friday.1to 到、去…… 如：Let’s go to the zoo. 固定搭配：write to（給xx寫信）1about 關(guān)于；大約如: I want to buy a book about animals. It’s about one kilometer away.1for 為、給…… 如：Here’s a letter for you. What’s for breakfast?固定搭配：look for （尋找），wait for（等候）1with ①與……一起。如：I can see a lot of apples on the tree. There is a boy in the tree. at①在某個(gè)時(shí)刻前。 如：on the desk②用在某一天（上、下午）前。如：in the morning，in the afternoon，in the evening⑤ 在年、月、季節(jié)前。in① 在……里面。. Autumn is the best season in New York.She is the tallest girl of our three.第7講 副詞副詞是一種用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞或形容詞的詞，說(shuō)明時(shí)間、程度、方式等概念。它的位置通常放在被修飾的名詞前，也可以放在be動(dòng)詞和look、feel、taste、sound、get之后。. We study Chinese, English, Maths and other subjects.（6）something和everything① something 某事；某物 . I want something to drink.② everything 一切事物；每樣事物 . Tell me everything about you.（7）nobody 沒有人 . She likes nobody and nobody likes her.疑問(wèn)代詞：用來(lái)表達(dá)疑問(wèn)或構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句的代詞，一般放在疑問(wèn)句的句首。. My uncle has many stamps. There is much tea in the cup.（4）each和every each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人，指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或事物中的“每個(gè)”；every是指許多人或事物的“全體”，與all的意思相近。. There are some flowers in the garden. （肯定句）There isn’t any milk in the fridge. （否定句）Do you have any hobbies? （疑問(wèn)句）② 在表示邀請(qǐng)和希望對(duì)方給予肯定回答的疑問(wèn)句中也要用some。如：my watch, his cousin, our school②名詞性物主代詞本身就可以看作是名詞，故其后不能再加名詞，可單獨(dú)使用。我你他她它我們你們他們主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem①主格一般用在句子開頭做主語(yǔ)，通常用在動(dòng)詞前。. I went to the Great Wall last week.⑨ 用在國(guó)家名稱的縮寫前。. The sun is bigger than the moon.⑤ 用在序數(shù)詞前面。① 表示特指的人或物前。不定冠詞a，an用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面，泛指一類人或物中的任何一個(gè)。. the teachers’ office③ 如果一些物品為兩者共有，只需在后一個(gè)名詞后加’s ；如果為各自所有，則需在每個(gè)名詞后加’s。. a bottle of water ，a cup of coffee，two glasses of milk ，five bags of rice▲ 這種形式用于可數(shù)名詞