【正文】
”不光城市居民和農(nóng)民有權(quán)利享受養(yǎng)老保障。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),政府對(duì)農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的投資城鎮(zhèn)相比,比例占據(jù)很小,對(duì)農(nóng)民來(lái)說(shuō),表現(xiàn)出極大的社會(huì)不公,不利于社會(huì)穩(wěn)定。新中國(guó)成立后較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間,以積累資金,增加工業(yè)發(fā)展的工業(yè)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格,工業(yè)和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品之間形成了巨大的價(jià)格差距,使農(nóng)業(yè)長(zhǎng)期低迷。我國(guó)是一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó),%,從舊的分布,%的老年人居住在城鎮(zhèn),%的老年人居住在農(nóng)村。根據(jù)經(jīng)合組織的統(tǒng)計(jì),在19841998年,實(shí)行福利型國(guó)家的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)速度,除了特殊年份外個(gè)別國(guó)家,一般低于公共輔助國(guó)家的自我保護(hù)。s socialist modernization drive and make a significant contribution and sacrifice. After the founding of New China longer period of time, in order to accumulate capital and increase industrial development industrial product prices, industrial and agricultural products between the formation of a great price gap, so that agriculture has long been sluggish. It can be said that China39。According to OECD statistics, in the 19841998 years, the implementation of welfareoriented country39?!钡脚c效率往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)在一起,既有公平性和效率性的一面,也有相互矛盾的一面。胡錦濤總書(shū)記在十七大報(bào)告中指出,“建設(shè)社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)是在長(zhǎng)期歷史任務(wù)的基礎(chǔ)上正確處理各種社會(huì)矛盾發(fā)展的歷史和社會(huì)成果的基礎(chǔ)上”,“加快建立城鄉(xiāng)居民基本生活保障制度”,“探索建立農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度”,這充分說(shuō)明了建立農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的貢獻(xiàn)是構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)。s livelihood and social construction, accelerate the establishment of urban and rural residents covered by the social security system to protect the basic livelihood of the people, explore the establishment of rural endowment insurance system. This fully shows that the establishment of rural social pension insurance contributions are building a socialist harmonious society.在中國(guó),社會(huì)保障體系中,最突出的特征是“雙重”的社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)制度所造成的二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)。其結(jié)果是集體投資保護(hù),對(duì)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生的影響,使農(nóng)民的集體利益損失。從以前的集體所有制勞動(dòng)成果的分配,留下足夠的資金用于發(fā)展生產(chǎn)和公益金用于社會(huì)公益事業(yè),并分配給各成員,除了目前的農(nóng)業(yè)稅,其余和各種其它收入,歸個(gè)人所有。Since most local collective economic disintegration, resulting in weakened collective economic security. The implementation of the rural household contract responsibility system, changed the old rural management system, the liberation of the rural productive forces, to mobilize the broad masses of farmers enthusiasm for production and management, and promote rural economic development. Rural collective economic organizations improve the management of collective pension there is the material basis. The implementation of the rural household contract responsibility system later with suitable allocation will be changed, severely weakened the collective internal accumulation mechanism. Distribution of the fruits of labor from the previous collective ownership, leaving enough funds for the development of production and the Community Chest for public welfare, and the rest allocated to the members in addition to the current agricultural tax and a variety of setaside turned over, the fruits of labor of farmers owned by individuals. The development of public welfare undertakings of the Community Chest is difficult to be drawn on the basis of collective security is almost collapse. Families of martyrs and the five guarantees preferential treatment before the masses by the collective economic burden, the collective in the driving position and be able to give farmers support and protection. I can only take the form of cash or in kind imposed on peasants, collective farmers, it is in position to be obtained. The result is the impact of collective investment protection to the munity, so that the loss of collective welfare of farmers由于多數(shù)地方集體經(jīng)濟(jì)解體,導(dǎo)致集體經(jīng)濟(jì)安全的減弱。②隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展,工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化的不斷擴(kuò)大,失地農(nóng)民的增加明顯。據(jù)國(guó)土資源部統(tǒng)計(jì),截至2004年底,我國(guó)耕地面積1831萬(wàn)畝。s population will reach billion by then, per capita arable land is only acres. Such a low per capita arable land to farmers will be unable to provide sufficient employment opportunities, more farmers can not achieve better protection functions. ② With the rapid development of market economy and industrialization and urbanization continues to expand, landless peasants increased significantly. Large number of rural laborers to cities, the household contract land system is increasingly being marginalized, many rural lands appear to be neglected, abandoned phenomenon, farmers manage the land and even bee a burden. Farmers rely on the limitation of land security also increases.隨著農(nóng)村地區(qū)的農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展,農(nóng)村土地的保障功能開(kāi)始下降。s net decrease of million acres of arable land. According to其次,農(nóng)村家庭養(yǎng)老思維發(fā)生了變化。 2005年中國(guó)1%人口抽樣調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示,農(nóng)村家庭養(yǎng)老的方式變得越來(lái)越脆弱。但是,大興區(qū)市政府的模式,適用于相對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)的經(jīng)濟(jì),城市和農(nóng)村地區(qū)之間的差距比較小的區(qū)域。大興區(qū),農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度的程序創(chuàng)建的個(gè)人賬戶和儲(chǔ)備金結(jié)合的系統(tǒng)新模型。s rural social pension insurance coverage to million people and the establishment of reserves for premium subsidy adjustment funds, so that government subsidies are implemented. However, the pattern for those Daxing District government strength, relatively developed economy, the relatively small gap between urban and rural areas.最后,對(duì)農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)模式的探索還不夠成熟,主要是農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)在運(yùn)行中存在的一些問(wèn)題。另外,我國(guó)農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度建設(shè)過(guò)程中,傳統(tǒng)的“孝”文化和家庭價(jià)值觀會(huì)帶來(lái)巨大的“塊成本”,這種非正式制度慣性,延緩了農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度建設(shè)的進(jìn)程。 Fourth, the establishment of rural social endowment insurance system is cracked Three Rural Issues strategic needs.第二,關(guān)于農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度的可行性研究很多,但意見(jiàn)分歧嚴(yán)重。 Second, the rural economy growing, gradually increasing farmers 39。劉曉波,李明,趙榮華認(rèn)為,改革開(kāi)放,尤其是農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)化改革,傳統(tǒng)的家庭養(yǎng)老方式面臨著嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn):第一,對(duì)孩子的養(yǎng)育壓力增大;其次,勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)和人口遷移對(duì)家庭的維護(hù)帶來(lái)了負(fù)面影響;三的相對(duì)貧困的農(nóng)村地區(qū),建立家庭養(yǎng)老困難。認(rèn)為,目前傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老功能弱化,主要體現(xiàn)在傳統(tǒng)功能弱化的農(nóng)村社會(huì)保障、土地保障功能“模糊”、家庭安全弱化等方面。曾毅從人口老齡化和計(jì)劃生育的基本國(guó)情出發(fā),探討了我國(guó)建立農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的必要性。 Second, labor mobility and population migration to the