【正文】 本段主要講述語(yǔ)言和文化的關(guān)系。根據(jù)諺語(yǔ)“Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wisdom”以及retirees和risers的對(duì)比關(guān)系不難猜出retiree是“睡覺的人”。答案為B。 it can be a basket of ，hassle和a basket of fun肯定是近乎相反的意義。（4）B。從上文可知，在一個(gè)從未到過(guò)的地方，在一本從未讀過(guò)的書的封面，看到自己親筆寫的姓名和地址，當(dāng)然感到“震驚”。 A. the context A. faraway C. people who go to bed A. people who give up their workA. In her opinion it was a loss to the clothes shops where she stole things. .A. dependent life A. difficulty in seeing D. interesting（4） B. useful it is needed by the body cells of all animals. It is also very useful in industry. The method Priestley used produces only small quantities. The large amounts needed for industry are produced in a different way. Air is put into containers under great pressure. This turns it into liquid and makes it very cold. It is then gradually warmed up and each substance evaporates at a different temperature. The boiling point of oxygen is 183176。 A. interested C. The author of the passage.由上文這些信息可推知“antics”指的是Unusual actions。B. Unusual actions. A. Smart words.通過(guò)上下文理解猜測(cè)詞義通過(guò)上下文的具體信息猜測(cè)詞義是目前高考閱讀理解題中最常見的一種命題形式。 A. your slave and serves you請(qǐng)看文章原句：Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives’ tales文章中本句意思是：即使科學(xué)能告訴我們一些傳統(tǒng)的想法是經(jīng)不起檢驗(yàn)的，但“老人言”中還有很多正確的東西。 C. to be admirable B. to be valuable另外，分號(hào)也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比或不相干的意義。（2014天津卷，A篇）37. What does the underlined phrase “die hard” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Change suddenly. C. Activities that turn one’s attention away. A. Ways that help one to focus. Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future. 作者為避免重復(fù)使用endanger一詞，用其同義詞jeopardize來(lái)替代它，由此推知其詞義為“使……陷入危險(xiǎn)，危及、危害”。 C. Her flowers.this指代前文提到的“but we will suffer much more than we will benefit”，意思是“砍伐森林帶來(lái)短期利益，但是從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，我們?cè)馐艿膿p失遠(yuǎn)大于獲得的利益”?！窘馕觥緼。C. climate changeHowever, the question that “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.it指的是月球人(moon people)所問的問題（the question）。請(qǐng)看原文：Of course, the good of oxen is not limited to plowing. In fact, they are seen as “boats on land” for their ability to carry their ability to carry loads可以很輕松的得到結(jié)果：牛被看做“陸地之舟”，是一種運(yùn)輸貨物的動(dòng)物。由前面一句“We have a very limited number of studies”可知，由于研究的對(duì)象非常有限，所以對(duì)于房間設(shè)計(jì)影響人們的工作和情緒這一現(xiàn)象只是“管中窺豹”，局限性太強(qiáng)。 C. the problem is too difficult for researchers to detect A. the problem is not approached step by step 由此推知A prestigious university應(yīng)是a famous university（名校）。另外根據(jù)構(gòu)詞知識(shí)可知，該詞的詞根是fix，含有“固定”之意。Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred?possibility 是 possible 的同根名詞， 據(jù)此可以判斷定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。答案為B。B. children from wellrespected schools tend to have good jobsThe “Chunnel”, a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France, is now plete.此句中a tunnel connecting England and France是Chunnel的同位語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)看文章第一段：When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standardsbased learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers. 由后半句的解釋“…with almost no money for equipment or supplies…”可知此項(xiàng)任務(wù)不可能是“interesting”或“creative”，而她的教學(xué)工作也與“unbearable”無(wú)關(guān)，故A項(xiàng)正確。 C. creative B. burning points例如：Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子給予annealing 以明確的定義，即“退火”。因此熟練掌握一些猜詞技巧是做好這類題的關(guān)鍵。要求猜測(cè)詞義的詞一般為實(shí)詞及其詞組，通過(guò)構(gòu)詞、定義、對(duì)比、因果、聯(lián)想、上下文等線索確定詞義的具體內(nèi)容。聯(lián)系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答這類題的關(guān)鍵。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。考生應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)通過(guò)構(gòu)詞、定義、同位、對(duì)比、因果、常識(shí)、同義、反義及上下文線索等確定詞義。近幾年閱讀理解的生詞率略有上升，加大了猜測(cè)力度。代詞復(fù)指理解題也是猜測(cè)詞義的常考類型。命題者在出這類題時(shí)慣用常規(guī)詞義來(lái)麻痹考生，我們要特別注意熟詞生義，切不可脫離語(yǔ)境主觀臆斷。It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily.從后面that is(也就是說(shuō))的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。 D. boiling points【解析】C。 B. interesting根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)閱讀中出現(xiàn)的難詞有時(shí)后面緊跟一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)前面的詞進(jìn)行解釋，這時(shí)可利用同位關(guān)系對(duì)前面或后面的詞義或句意進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。因此，The “Chunnel”就是英法之間的海底隧道。C. poor children with certificates are favored in job markets 根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法（合成、派生、轉(zhuǎn)化等）進(jìn)行猜測(cè)在英語(yǔ)中，有很多詞可以在前面加前綴，在后面加后綴，從而構(gòu)成一個(gè)詞，乍看起來(lái)，這個(gè)詞可能是新詞，但掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識(shí)，就不難猜出它的詞義。【考例】（2014全國(guó)卷I，B篇）62. The underlined word “fixture” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to something ______.A. that people enjoy eating根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)在一篇閱讀文章中，根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。緊跟后面一句“How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them?”做了進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，房間設(shè)計(jì)影響居住者工作和情緒這一理論正確與否還有待進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。 C. treasures of the folk culture根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)文章中的代詞it, that, this, he, him 或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指一件事。【考例】(2014四川卷，E篇) 58. The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “______”. 請(qǐng)看原文：Finally, over many years, the energy benefit from burning ethanol would make up for the forest loss. But by then, climate change would have progressed so far that it might not help. 燃燒乙醇帶來(lái)的能源方面的好處可能會(huì)彌補(bǔ)失去森林的損失，但是到那時(shí)，氣候的變化已經(jīng)太大，“這”也于事無(wú)補(bǔ)了。 A. We will lose much more than we can gain. C. People have a strong desire for resources.因此選擇A項(xiàng)。 D. Her politeness. 【解析】B。Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 句中detrimental是個(gè)生詞，但判斷出harmful替代detrimental后，不難推斷出其詞義為“不利的，有害的”。D. Disappear very slowly.【解析】D。例如：She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.but一詞表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but 前后的意思正好相反。 A. to be believable根據(jù)前后轉(zhuǎn)折的意思可知，hold water在此處意思是：經(jīng)得起檢驗(yàn)的，值得相信的。 C. under your control and obeys you【考例】（2014重慶卷，A篇）59. What does the underlined word “antics” refer to? D. Anxious feelings. 【解析】B。 鞏固練習(xí)：（1）An advertisement is just like a Somebody Else says quo