【正文】 4. 整體意思完全錯誤，即使結(jié)構(gòu)正確也不得分。 another is “hearing” each word as you read. These are habits which should have been outgrown long ago. The beginning reader is learning how letters can make words, how written words are pronounced, and how sentences are put together. Your reading purpose is quite different。 about 250 million people a year get sick from water borne diseases. In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical pounds to make a wide range of products. Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain pounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.） But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. People often pour household cleaners, car antifreeze, and paint thinners down the drain。大學(xué)英語讀寫譯（二） 期末測試題（ 2） Part I Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (10 points) Directions: For questions 17, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage。 All of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientists studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste. Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and insects but insects but that pollutes water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogenrich fertilizer that helps plants grow but that can wreak havoc on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas. Too many nitrates “ over enrich” these bodies of water, encouraging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of the water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water. What’s the Solution? Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water related problems。 it is to understand meaning. It has been estimated that up to 75%of the words in English sentences are not really necessary for conveying the meaning .The secret of silent reading is to seek out those key words and phrases which carry the thought, and to pay less attention to words which exist only for the sake of grammatical pleteness. An efficient reader can grasp the meaning from a page at least twice as fast as he can read the passage aloud. Unconsciously perhaps, he takes in a whole phrase or thought unit at a time. If he “says” or “hears” words to himself. They are selected ones, said for emphasis. 16. This passage is mainly about __. A. improving eye movements B. reading more widely C. eliminating poor reading habits D. concentrating while reading 17. Saying each word to yourself as you read ______. A. improves prehension B. increases reading speed C. prevent regression D. hinders reading efficiency 18. You reading purpose should be ______. A. to understand all the words B. to make fewer eye movements C. to understand meaning D. to understand the grammatical structure 19. It has been estimated that up to 75% of words in English sentences are _____. A. grammatically unnecessary B. essential to the meaning C. not absolutely essential to grasp of meaning D. regressed more than once by poor readers 20. Efficient readers usually ______. A. move their heads quickly B. take in whole phrases C. point at key words D. miss some important points for speed Passage Three Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. The prehension passages on this course are designed to help you increase your speed. A higher reading rate, with no loss of prehension, will help you in other subjects as well as English, and the general principles apply to any language. Naturally, you will read every book at the same speed. You would expect to read a newspaper, for example, much more rapidly than a physics or economics textbook but you can raise your average reading speed over the whole range of materials you wish to cover so that the percentage gain will be the same whatever kind of reading you are concerned with. The reading passages which follow are all of an average level of difficulty for your stage of instruction. If you get to the point where you can read books of average difficulty at between 40 and 50 . with 70% or more prehension, you will be doing quite well, though of course any further improvement of speed with prehension will be a good thing. When you practice reading with passages shorter than book length, do not try to take in each word separately, one after the other. It is much more difficult to grasp the broad theme of the passage this way, and you will also get stuck in individual words which may not be absolutely essential to a general understanding of the passage. It is a good idea to skim through the passage very quickly First (say 500 words in a minute or so) to get the general idea of each paragraph. Titles, paragraph headings and emphasized words (underlined or in italics) can be a great help in getting this skeleton outlin