【正文】
圖 。 — 在蝕坑處涂上氫氧化鐵膜的鋼在含有氯化物 的飽和 Ca(OH)2 中極化成陽極時會產(chǎn)生氣泡,因為電位的降低需要釋放氧氣。 — 當(dāng)混凝土空隙飽和作用降低,混凝土的電阻率控制 icorr 在一個寬泛的電阻率范圍內(nèi);因此,腐蝕速度的減小好像與氧氣進(jìn)入結(jié)構(gòu)的難易成反比例 (圖 5)[10]。 另一方面, ?A/cm2 的 icorr(見第Ⅰ部分圖 9)[4]已經(jīng)由一些作者從含氯化物的砂漿或碳酸鹽砂漿與氧氣有限的擴(kuò)散流所允許的速度是不協(xié)調(diào)的。 這個重要性歸因于氧氣的循環(huán)作業(yè),它證明這些作用對確定它在混凝土中的擴(kuò)散率是正確的 [12,13]。 鋼筋腐蝕的機(jī)理是什么? 當(dāng)鈍化狀態(tài)消失,鋼筋的腐蝕速度與混凝土的電阻率成反比例,在一個很寬的電阻率范圍內(nèi) [10]。 圖 3 是估算的 icorr 與 ig值的比較,在砂漿中含有 3%的 CaCl2,每個正極表面單元體為許多正極 /負(fù)極表面比值作為美國鋼鐵學(xué)會 304 不銹鋼 /碳素鋼電偶的一部分支持以上結(jié)論。因此,它已被實驗驗證: (a)大電偶對潮濕混凝土中的陽極部分由一個輕微的極化作用,只要幾毫伏就可以影響它的電位。 S 正極 /S 負(fù)極 的作用和腐蝕微電池對的相對意義的方案。為了了解 S 正極 /S 負(fù) 極 的比值對大電偶的影響,用在一個小的碳素鋼正極環(huán)繞一個不銹鋼負(fù)極并夾緊來模擬。這里所討論的大部分實驗結(jié)果都是從一樣的試塊和平板中得到的。然而,有一些能破壞鋼的鈍性和引起鋼筋腐蝕的實驗條件。特別是這幾方面: 1)在鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)中的大電偶和腐蝕微電池對的相對重要性; 2)激活狀態(tài)的鋼筋腐蝕機(jī)理; 3)阻止或停止鋼筋腐蝕最好的保護(hù)方法; 4)一個鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)使用年限的可靠預(yù)測的可能性探索; 5)最好的防腐措施和控制方法。 own experience with the behaviour of galvanic macrocouples in PC, the contribution of these macrocouples to overall corrosion is very modest rehtive to that of the corrosion microcells formed in the active areas of reinforcements in the presence of sufficient oxygen and moisture [2, 7, 8]. Thus, it has been experimentally checked that: (a) Galvanic macrocouples have a slight polarizing effect on anodic areas in wet concrete, whose potential is thereby influenced in only a few millivolts. (b) On the other hand, macrocouples have a strong polarizing effect on passive areas despite the low galvanic currents involved relative to the overall corrosion current. (c) As a result, galvanic currents can result in grossly underestimated icorr values for the active areas since they are often smaller than 10% of the ico= values estimated from polarization resistance measurements. (d) The corrosive effect ofcoplanar macrocouples on RC structures only proves dangerous within a small distance from the boundary of active and passive areas. Fig. 3 pares the estimated icorr and ig values, in mortar containing 3 o~ A CaC12, per anode surface unit for a number of anode/cathode surface ratios for AISI 304 stainless steel/carbon steel macrocouples in support of the above conclusions [9]. By what mechanism do reinforcements corrode in an active state ? When the passive state is lost, the rate of reinforcement corrosion in inversely proportional to the resistivity of concrete over a wide resistivity range [10]. Because Fig. 3 Relative significance of corrosion microcells Fig. 4 Trends in ico. and Ecorr for (icorr) and galvanic macrocouples (i.) in corrosion specimens exposed to an oxygenfree of steel embedded in mortar containing no chloride. environment.