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? 訂定符合機(jī)構(gòu)特性的緊急災(zāi)難應(yīng)變計(jì)畫或防災(zāi)手冊及作業(yè)程序, 每年至少實(shí)際演習(xí)一次 ,以讓全體員工熟悉緊急應(yīng)變計(jì)畫內(nèi)容,並根據(jù)演習(xí)結(jié)果進(jìn)行應(yīng)變計(jì)畫的追蹤改善。 ? 醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)火災(zāi)原因常與電器電路相關(guān),應(yīng)定期檢測及維修 機(jī)電與各類醫(yī)療儀器設(shè)備,汰換老舊功能不良者,並注意電量負(fù)載情形。 ? 口咽部或使用無氣囊之氣切套管病人麻醉時(shí)可使用濕紗布置於口腔內(nèi)或氣切套管周圍,減少氧氣自口咽部和肺部逸出,並可避免易燃的麻醉藥漏出。 ? 美國緊急醫(yī)療照護(hù)研究機(jī)構(gòu) (Formerly the Emergency Care Research Institute; ECRI)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),美國每年約有 550~ 650件手術(shù)中火災(zāi)事件。完成後,固定手術(shù)用物:抽吸管、電燒筆,執(zhí)行電燒筆測試。 案例二 ? 病友曾因躲在棉被中 抽菸點(diǎn)燃床單而引發(fā)火災(zāi) ,經(jīng)制止後已加強(qiáng)防範(fàn)。 原因 63件火災(zāi)意外中, ? 以電線走火 17件為最多, ? 其次為微波爐使用不當(dāng) 15件、 ? 病人或家屬不當(dāng)行為 13件 (在病床上抽菸、以酒精膏煮食物、隨意棄置未熄滅菸蒂 ), ? 因電器故障起火有 7件, ? 醫(yī)療人員使用器材不慎引起之火災(zāi) (如滅菌鍋、熱敷帶乾燒,將加熱器材置於易燃物品上等 )有 4件。醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)火災(zāi)意外 慈濟(jì)綜合醫(yī)院 品管中心執(zhí)行長 李毅醫(yī)師 Jersey General Hospital Fire 18th July, 1859 2020年 12月 15日中國遼源市中心醫(yī)院的大火造成39名住院病人死亡,事後當(dāng)局將該院院長、副院長依失職罪起訴。 案例一 ? 家屬發(fā)現(xiàn) 床頭後牆壁插座突冒黑煙 並起火燃燒,立即拉鈴?fù)ㄖo(hù)理站,護(hù)理師立即聯(lián)絡(luò)中控室維修人員並關(guān)閉室內(nèi)照明電源,並以滅火器滅火,查看後插座已燒毀,周邊牆壁燻黑,幸無人員受傷。但因菸癮大,於○月○日破壞消防栓取出電線, 將消防栓電線接於病室插孔內(nèi),進(jìn)行觸電導(dǎo)火,成功後,燃燒紙箱及報(bào)紙製造煙霧,然後吸取煙霧來解菸癮 ,因煙霧漸大產(chǎn)生異味且逐漸蔓延,護(hù)理人員發(fā)現(xiàn)後,立即前往撲滅並通知主治醫(yī)師,前往處理的同仁因吸入煙霧略感不適,且病人於點(diǎn)火過程中亦有輕微灼傷紅腫。以 75%酒精紗布 擦拭劃刀部位,並用乾紗布再擦拭一次。 Most surgical fires occur in or on the patient. The most mon location of surgical fires are: During the period of April 2020 to February 2020 Tyco Healthcare Valleylab kept statistics on the number of surgical fires reported by healthcare facilities. A total of 51 fires were reported: Root Causes of Fires :: The Fire Triangle :: Ignition Sources :: Electrosurgical unit Electrocautery unit Laser Sparks — tissue embers Ignition Sources :: Heatproducing devices High speed drill/burrs/saws Cardiac defibrillators Light sources Fiberoptic light cables Fuel Sources :: In or On the Patient Hair Gastrointestinal gases Gases in surgical smoke ? Hydrogen and methane are extremely flammable gases produced by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract in quantities of up to 200 ml per day. ? Forty percent of these gases are contained in the large bowel. Human flatus contains approximately 44 percent hydrogen and 30 percent methane. ? If in an environment of at least 5 percent oxygen, hydrogen can explode at concentrations of between 4 per