電大流行病學(xué)期末復(fù)習(xí)考試試題資料小抄【精編打印版-wenkub.com
2025-05-30 08:36 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 an. Lou held a joint interview w ith 27 media, including China Daily, the first in a series of interview s entitled Chinese Media A long the Silk Road. The interview s will be in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces and the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, as w ell as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. The media group held the first interview on Wednesday morning in Xi39。s ancient indigenous religion, while Du jiang yan is considered to be the oldest functioning watercontrol project in the world. Chengdu ranked third in tourist facilities, management and services among 60 Chinese cities in a customer satisfaction survey released last year. But, Li added that efforts are still needed to develop more tourism products, improve English services and provide accurate translation of traffic signs and scenic billboards. Zhao Yun, chairwoman of British Chamber of Commerce Southwest China, told China Daily that his colleagues found the policy very convenient. A British client once flew here and stayed for just one day to check her ordered goods, she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. My life was like a running race moving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the 72hour visafree policy and pelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said. Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the pany has a global hub of operation in Chengdu, so the three day visa has an immediate and positive influence on the pany39。 20 Visafree policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdu39。 抽樣調(diào)查的缺點(diǎn)：（ 1）抽樣調(diào)查的設(shè)計(jì)、實(shí)施與資料分析均比普查要復(fù)雜。（ 3）調(diào)查工作人員涉 及面廣，掌握調(diào)查技術(shù)和檢查方法熟練程度不一，對(duì)調(diào)查項(xiàng)目的理解往往很難統(tǒng)一和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，不能保證調(diào)查質(zhì)量。（ 2）可以同時(shí)調(diào)查目標(biāo)人群中多種疾病或健康狀況的分布情況。 經(jīng)飲用水傳播特征：⑴病例分布與供水范圍一致，有飲用同一水源史；⑵除哺乳嬰兒外，無(wú)職業(yè)、年齡及性別的差異；⑶如水源經(jīng)常受污染，則病例長(zhǎng)期不斷；⑷停用污染源或采取消毒、凈化措施后，暴發(fā)或流行即可平息。 答：傳染病的傳播途徑很多，主要分為水平傳播和垂直傳播兩大類。（ 3） 耗費(fèi)人力、物力、財(cái)力和時(shí)間，組織與后勤工作亦相當(dāng)艱巨 。（ 5）可分析一種因素與多種疾病的關(guān)系。 隊(duì)列研究的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：（ 1）研究者親自觀察資料，信息可靠，回憶偏倚小。尤其是回憶偏倚，因有關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素的信息是靠回顧的方法確認(rèn)的，而歷史資料常常無(wú)法核實(shí)。（ 4）不僅用于病因探討，還可用于疫苗免疫學(xué)效果考核及暴發(fā)調(diào)查等。 19 五 、論述題 。例如對(duì)癥治療和康復(fù)治療等。 二級(jí)預(yù)防又稱“三早”預(yù)防，即早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早診斷、早治療，是防止或減緩疾病發(fā)展采取的措施。 （ 5）后續(xù)處理不同：前者的后續(xù)往往是用診斷試 驗(yàn)進(jìn)一步確診，后者則是嚴(yán)密觀察和及時(shí)治療。 答：二者在以下 5 個(gè)方面存在區(qū)別： （ 1） 對(duì)象不同：前者的對(duì)象是健康人或無(wú)癥狀的病人，后者是有臨床癥狀的病人。 率和構(gòu)成比均為相對(duì)數(shù) ，而比值是絕對(duì)數(shù)。 (√ ) ：選擇預(yù)期發(fā)病率高的人群、選擇能將實(shí)驗(yàn)堅(jiān)持到底的人群、選擇依從性好 的人群。 (√ ) 2. 發(fā)病率可用于描述疾病流行情況、隊(duì)列研究、探討發(fā)病因素、估計(jì)防治措施效果和病例 對(duì)照調(diào)查。病程 ＝發(fā)病率 +病程 ＝患病率 發(fā)病率 ＝患病率病程 ： D ： A ： D ，描述疾病分布特征的主要目的是： C ，以便為形成傳染源及傳播途徑的假說(shuō)提出依據(jù) 列哪種關(guān)于流行病學(xué)的論述是正確的： A ： B 3 ： C ，可以小到一個(gè)班級(jí)或家庭，大到全人類
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