【正文】
therefore VpIp = VsIs from which is obtained It shows that as an approximation the terminal voltage ratio equals the turns ratio. The primary and secondary current, on the other hand, are inversely related to the turns ratio. The turns ratio gives a measure of how much the secondary voltage is raised or lowered in relation to the primary voltage. To calculate the voltage regulation, we need more information. The ratio of the terminal voltage varies somewhat depending on the load and its power factor. In practice, the transformation ratio is obtained from the nameplate data, which list the primary and secondary voltage under fullload condition. When the secondary voltage Vs is reduced pared to the primary voltage, the transformation is said to be a stepdown transformer: conversely, if this voltage is raised, it is called a stepup transformer. In a stepdown transformer the transformation ratio a is greater than unity (a), while for a stepup transformer it is smaller than unity (a). In the event that a=1, the transformer secondary voltage equals the primary voltage. This is a special type of transformer used in instances where electrical isolation is required between the primary and secondary circuit while maintaining the same voltage level. Therefore, this transformer is generally knows as an isolation transformer. As is apparent, it is the magic flux in the core that forms the connecting link between primary and secondary circuit. In section 4 it is shown how the primary winding current adjusts itself to the secondary load current when the transformer supplies a load. Looking into the transformer terminals from the source, an impedance is seen which by definition equals Vp / Ip. we have Vp = aVs and Ip = Is/ 洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文 31 terms of Vs and Is the ratio of Vp to Ip is But Vs / Is is the load impedance ZL thus we can say that Zm (primary) = a2ZL This equation tells us that when an impedance is connected to the secondary side, it appears from the source as an impedance having a magnitude that is a2 times its actual value. We say that the load impedance is reflected or referred to the primary. It is this property of transformers that is used in impedancematching applications. 4. TRANSFORMERS UNDER LOAD The primary and secondary voltages shown have similar polarities, as indicated by the “dotmaking” convention. The dots near the upper ends of the windings have the same meaning as in circuit theory。 out of phase with the applied voltage. Since no current flows in the secondary winding, Es=Vs. The noload primary current I0 is small, a few percent of fullload current. Thus the voltage in the primary is small and Vp is nearly equal to Ep. The primary voltage and the resulting flux are sinusoidal。. It is readily seen that the current ponent Im= I0sinθ0, called the magizing current, is 90186。 洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文 27 Foreign language translation The transformer is the transformer substation major installation, the function realizes the work voltage rank transformation, the key job principle is the electromagic the substation is realizes the voltage class transformation and the electrical energy assignment place. Carries on the voltage class transformation to the electric power supply, deals with the place which the electrical energy carries on redistributes to be called the transformer substation. Constructs the transformer substation is for electrical power distribution system39。由于分支勵磁體現(xiàn)在電流里,為了分析我們可以將它忽略。一次側(cè)漏磁也一樣。 當(dāng)一個電流流過二次側(cè)繞組,它的磁動勢( NsIs)將產(chǎn)生一個磁通,于空載電流 I0 產(chǎn)生的磁通 φ0 不同,它只停留在二次側(cè)繞組中。故一次側(cè)電流 Ip 是電流 Ip’與 I0’的和。其需要的條件是 E 降落很多來使電流 Ip 增加。因此當(dāng)二次側(cè)連接著一個負(fù)載時,在瞬間就有一個負(fù)荷電流沿著這個方向產(chǎn)生。我們把這種折算方式稱為負(fù)載阻抗向一次側(cè)的折算。在第四部分我們會了解到當(dāng)變壓器帶負(fù)荷運(yùn)行時一次側(cè)繞組電流是如何隨著二次側(cè)負(fù)荷電流變化而變化的。當(dāng) a=1 時,變壓器的二次側(cè)電壓就等于起一次側(cè)電壓。 實(shí)際 上 , 變比 從標(biāo)識牌數(shù)據(jù) 獲得 , 列出在 滿載 情況下 原邊 和 副邊 電壓。在上面公式中一次側(cè)和二次側(cè)的功率因素是相等的;因此 VpIp = VsIs 它表明端電壓比等于匝數(shù)比,換句話說,一次側(cè)和二次側(cè)電流比與匝數(shù)比成反比。用字母 a 來表示這個比率 。產(chǎn)生電壓的平均值如下 Eavg = 4fNφm 其中 N 是指線圈的匝數(shù)。因?yàn)闆]有電流流過二次側(cè)繞組, Es=Vs。相同的磁通會通過原邊自身,產(chǎn)生一個電動勢 Ep。兩個相量的分量和代表空載電流,即 I0 = Im+ Ie 應(yīng)注意的是空載電流是畸變和非正弦形的。顯然可見電流分量 Im= I0sinθ0,被稱做勵磁電流,它在相位上滯后于原邊電壓 VP 90186。這個空載電流有兩項(xiàng)功能:( 1)在鐵芯中產(chǎn)生電磁通,該磁通在零和 ? φm之間做正弦變化, φm是鐵芯磁通的最大值;( 2)它的一個分量說明了鐵芯中的渦流和磁滯損耗。變壓器在原邊接收電能的同時也在向副邊所帶的負(fù)荷輸送電能。 從交流電源流入電流的一側(cè)被稱為變壓器的一次側(cè)繞組或者是原邊。兩個線圈之所以相互耦合,是因?yàn)樗鼈冞B接著共同的磁通。因?yàn)樽罱K的負(fù)荷,在一些點(diǎn)高電壓必須降低。變配電所是實(shí)現(xiàn)電壓等級變換和電能分配的場所。不積跬步何以至千里,各位任課老師認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé),在他們的悉心幫助和支持下,我能夠很好的掌握和運(yùn)用專業(yè)知識,并在設(shè)計中得以體現(xiàn),順利完成畢業(yè)論文。 順利如期的完成本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計給了我很大的信心,讓我了解專業(yè)知識的同時也對本專業(yè)的發(fā) 展前景充滿信心,我的設(shè)計 在器件的選型上 就有很大的不足,可這些不足正是我們?nèi)ジ玫难芯扛玫膭?chuàng)造的最大動力,只有發(fā)現(xiàn)問題面對問題才有可能解決問題,不足和遺憾不會給我打擊只會更好的鞭策我前行,今后我更會關(guān)注新技術(shù)新設(shè)備新工藝的出現(xiàn),并爭取盡快的掌握這些先進(jìn)的知識,更好的為祖國的四化服務(wù)。 洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) 20 結(jié) 論 通過本次的設(shè)計,使我對縱切機(jī)的原理有了更深的了解,在設(shè)計過程中遇到了很多困難,例如我的原理圖需要用 CAD 繪圖,但是我們沒有學(xué)過,在我同學(xué)的幫助下,我終于把我的原理圖繪制出來了,從中我還學(xué)到了很多關(guān)于 CAD 的知識。 接觸器吸引線圈的電壓 一般從人身和設(shè)備安全角度考慮,該電壓值可以選 擇低一些,但當(dāng)控制電路比較簡單,用電不多時,為了節(jié)省變壓器,則選用 220V、 380V。 接觸器的選用 接觸器控制的電動機(jī)或負(fù)載電流類型 交流負(fù)載應(yīng)使用交流接觸器,直 流負(fù)載使用直流接觸器;如果控制系統(tǒng)中主要是交流電動機(jī),而直流電動機(jī)或直流負(fù)載的容量比較小時,也可以選用交流接觸器進(jìn)行控制,洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) 19 但觸點(diǎn)的額定電流應(yīng)選大些。這兩種情況應(yīng)該選用帶有斷相保護(hù)裝置的熱繼電器。要遵循的原則是:應(yīng)使熱繼電器的安 —— 秒特性位于電動機(jī)的過載特性之下,并盡可能的靠近,甚至重合,以充分發(fā)揮電動機(jī)的能力,同時使電動機(jī)在短時過載和啟動瞬間( 5~6IN)時不受影響。若額定電流較小( 600A 以下),短路電流洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) 18 不太大,可選用塑殼式斷路器;若短路電流相當(dāng)大的支路,則應(yīng)選用限流式斷路器;若額定電流很大,或需要選擇型斷路器時,則應(yīng)選擇萬能式熔斷器;若有漏電電流保護(hù)要求時,應(yīng)選用帶漏電電流保護(hù)功能的斷路器等。 低壓斷路器的選用 低壓斷路器的選用包括的 主要內(nèi)容有:低壓斷路器型號、額定工作電壓、脫扣器的額定電流、殼架等級額定電流的選擇和額定短路通斷能力的校驗(yàn)。值得注意的是 這樣將會犧牲保護(hù)的快速性,因此實(shí)際應(yīng)用中應(yīng)綜合來考慮。 ,擴(kuò)大停電事故范圍,各級熔斷器間應(yīng)有良好的協(xié)調(diào)配合,使下一級熔斷器比上一級的先熔斷,從而滿足選擇性保護(hù)要求。 2. 斷器的額定電壓必須等于或高于熔斷器安裝處的電路額定電壓。使用圖形表示時,虛線表示操作擋位,有幾個檔位就畫幾根虛線,實(shí)線與成對的端子表示觸點(diǎn),使用多少對觸點(diǎn)就可以畫多少對。表征萬能轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)特性的有額定電壓、額定電流、手柄型式、觸點(diǎn)座數(shù)、觸點(diǎn)對數(shù)、觸點(diǎn)座排列型式、定位特征代號、手柄定位角度等。相鄰觸點(diǎn)元件在電氣上是分開的,其基座采用耐電弧的聚碳酸酯塑料,靜、動觸點(diǎn)采用滾動式點(diǎn)接觸,接觸可靠。目前生產(chǎn)的按鈕產(chǎn)品有LA LA1 LA1 LA LA2 LA30 等系列,引進(jìn)產(chǎn)品有 LAYLAY PBC 系列等。主 要用于電氣控制電路中,用于發(fā)布命令及電氣聯(lián)鎖。 線圈的額定電壓 一下是其等級。 ( 1)額定電壓 直流接觸器: 220V、 440V、 660V。 接觸器主要由電磁機(jī)構(gòu)、觸點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)、滅弧裝置三部分組成。整個線路可分為主電源、輔助電源、雙穩(wěn)態(tài)觸 發(fā)器及其附屬電路等幾部分。這類