fdi在發(fā)展中國(guó)家的決定因素分析外文翻譯-wenkub.com
2025-05-07 18:53 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 通過(guò)這種方式， FDI 在一個(gè)國(guó)家發(fā)展中所扮演的角色就可得到有效的利用。 在這項(xiàng)研究中，我們已經(jīng)確定了 FDI 的主要決定因素。 五、結(jié)論 政府間為了吸引外商直接投資所存在著的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)明顯增強(qiáng)了，許多國(guó)家不僅沒(méi)有減少或消除對(duì) FDI 的限制，而且還提出了很多稅收方面的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)措施。 四、方法 面板數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)由于其在所有信息可獲性方面所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的相對(duì)于橫截面數(shù)據(jù)及時(shí)序數(shù)列的優(yōu)勢(shì)而被用來(lái)檢驗(yàn) FDI 方程，這些信息在單純的橫截面技術(shù)或時(shí)序分析技術(shù)里都是不易被覺(jué)察的。那些通過(guò)面板研究與橫截面分析的指標(biāo)，是 FDI 的決定因素，這些決定因素的數(shù)據(jù)是從發(fā)展中國(guó)家找到的至少 30年以上的。另一方面， Tomiura39。 關(guān)稅、增長(zhǎng)速度、開(kāi)放度三因素 對(duì) FDI 有積極的影響，但是工資水平會(huì)對(duì)其產(chǎn)生消極的影響；實(shí)際匯率，當(dāng)與開(kāi)放度、國(guó)內(nèi)投資、政府消費(fèi)等結(jié)合在一起時(shí)，就會(huì)對(duì)FDI 產(chǎn)生正面的影響；如果將國(guó)內(nèi)投資排除在外的話，其產(chǎn)生效果將是負(fù)面影響。 外國(guó)直接投資取代國(guó)內(nèi)儲(chǔ)蓄 （ Papanek， 1973； Cohen， 1993； Reinhart and Talvi，1998） 。這 些文獻(xiàn)假設(shè) 可能解釋 了 為什么外國(guó)直接投資在主辦國(guó)家提高人均收入的增長(zhǎng)率 （ Calvo and Robles， 2020） 。在新古典模型的框架下，外國(guó)直接投資對(duì)產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)速度的影響由于實(shí)物資本收益遞減的存在而受到了限制 （ Solow， 1956） 。在 20世紀(jì) 80年代的新增長(zhǎng)理論 內(nèi)生性 技術(shù)進(jìn)步 ， 外國(guó)直接投資一直被認(rèn)為 可以通過(guò)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移與溢出效應(yīng)而 在東道國(guó) 產(chǎn)生 永久 的 增長(zhǎng) 效應(yīng)。 二、 FDI的影響因素 :理論與證據(jù) 過(guò)去幾十年 間， 外國(guó)直接投資 已經(jīng)成為發(fā)展中國(guó)家一種傳播技術(shù)與促進(jìn)發(fā)展的有效途徑， 這種觀點(diǎn) 與五、六十年代學(xué)術(shù)、政治領(lǐng)域普遍接收的信仰形成了 鮮明 的 對(duì) 比 ，根據(jù) 這些觀點(diǎn) 外國(guó)直接投資對(duì)欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)是有害的。 后者是最重要的 ：投資者是基于哪些因素才選擇一個(gè)地區(qū)開(kāi)展項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃 。 例如 ，勞動(dòng)力成本 、 貿(mào)易壁壘、貿(mào)易平衡、匯率和稅收 這些因素都對(duì) FDI 產(chǎn)生消極與積極雙方面的影響。因此，我們可以得出結(jié)論：外國(guó)直接投資是發(fā)展中國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)成功增長(zhǎng)的關(guān)鍵因素，因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的本質(zhì)是快速，有效地轉(zhuǎn)移和通過(guò)跨越國(guó)界的 “ 最佳做法 ”的采用 。 外國(guó)直接投資對(duì)東道國(guó) 的 經(jīng)濟(jì) 有很多 其他的影響。外國(guó)直接投資的最重要的決定因素是通訊變量。 countries that capture less FDI are converging to countries capturing more FDI. Competition among governments to attract FDI has grown significantly. Many countries have not only reduced or eliminated such restrictions, but also moved toward encouraging FDI with tax and other incentives. Appropriate domestic policies will help attract FDI and maximize its benefit, while at the same time removing obstacles to local businesses. Foreign enterprises, like domestic ones, pursue the good business environment rather than the special favors offered to induce the foreign enterprises to locate in the incentive offering regions, transparency and accountability of governments and corporations are fundamental conditions for providing a trustworthy and effective framework for the social, environmental, and economic life of their citizens. They bring huge domestic governance challenges not only for the benefit of foreign investors, but also for domestic business and society at large as well. In the study the main determinants of FDI have been identified. It is possible for the countries to develop policies particular to their own economic structure by looking at the main FDI determinants. For example, when looking at the “Gross Capital Formation” indicator in country X, we can conclude that this country can develop policies to encourage the import of investment goods instead of the import of consumption goods. Again country Y can improve intra trade policies by taking the “Openness” indicator into account. Or by taking the “Total Debt ServiceGDP ratio” indicator into account, country Z can develop policies related to utilization of resources provided from external debt in productive fields in order to cover the country39。 Reinhart and Talvi, 1998). In a seminal paper, Papanek (1973) showed the significant negative impacts of different types of capital on national savings. Based on a sample of 85 developing countries, Papanek found that foreign capital displaced domestic savings. Specifically, he showed that foreign aid, private investment and other capital crowded out national savings, and a reduction in domestic savings could lead to further increase on the dependency on foreign capital (Baharumshah and Thanoon, 2020). Another determinant, tariffs, has a positive effect on FDI if they are bined with the growth rate and openness, but they produce a negative effect when bined with wages.
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