【正文】 如果不向控制系統(tǒng)提供這些工具，就很難整合客戶硬件。 硬件支持 對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線和起源于 I / O的 Ether的支持是為 SCADA系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的一個(gè)基本功能?？刂葡到y(tǒng)程序直接履行運(yùn)行前端處理器的監(jiān)控。 I / O和控制回路 復(fù)雜的控制算法和控制回路和域名 DCS 控制系統(tǒng)一樣。 PLC’ s 可用于實(shí)施控制功能的設(shè)備。 功能 持續(xù)不斷的問題，如為什么控制系統(tǒng)的加速器和其他高度 專業(yè)化的設(shè)備聯(lián)合協(xié)同發(fā)展。除了通信處理器，顯示器能和 PLC’ s連接。靈活的數(shù)據(jù)采集模式，支持調(diào)查模式以及發(fā)布訂閱模式。這樣，控制組提供的服務(wù)保持 EPICS 工具，而用戶可以精力集中在被控制的設(shè)備上了。默認(rèn)名決議和目錄服務(wù)器（域名服務(wù)器）用于連接 在 TCP客戶端和服務(wù)器應(yīng)用程序。所有大約 50個(gè)輸入輸出控制器運(yùn)作大約 25000業(yè)務(wù)處理記錄。 EPICS： 在德國(guó)電子同步加速器研究所， EPICS從問題解決系統(tǒng)演化成了全集成控制系統(tǒng)。該 PVSS腳本庫(kù)允許執(zhí)行復(fù)雜的序列以及復(fù)雜的圖形。 PVSS 是一個(gè) “ 純粹 ” 的監(jiān)控和數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)（ SCADA 系統(tǒng)）。 現(xiàn)在，相比 “ 純粹 ” SCADA系統(tǒng)的異質(zhì)環(huán)境， Cube有同質(zhì)配置環(huán)境的優(yōu)勢(shì)。最后，所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)負(fù)載的報(bào)警限值，尤其是 SCADA系統(tǒng)，也促使網(wǎng)絡(luò)生成了限制。第一個(gè)跟低估在 1赫茲運(yùn)行的 6級(jí)溫度轉(zhuǎn)換器的 CPU負(fù)荷有關(guān)。該 12 項(xiàng)目很有前景。 擁有 DCS特點(diǎn)（ Cube）的 SCADA系統(tǒng)： 相對(duì)于 Y2K 問題促使我們尋找一個(gè)升級(jí)版或者代替版來代 替現(xiàn)有的系統(tǒng)而言，以上提到的 D / 3系統(tǒng)有一些硬編碼的限制。因?yàn)榧⒖刂葡到y(tǒng)（ D/ 3）的特性，所以這決定很不錯(cuò)。溫度轉(zhuǎn)換器的計(jì)算功能來自一個(gè)摩托羅拉 MVME 167 CPU和總線適配器，以及一個(gè) MVME 162 CPU。而且軟件無法在 PID控制回路。由于異類系統(tǒng)的存在，針對(duì)不同協(xié)議的支持也是至關(guān)重要的。工業(yè)控制要求可靠性，完整的文獻(xiàn)記載和技術(shù)支持。 從單純的工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)到協(xié)同控制系統(tǒng)（ CCS），控制系統(tǒng)不停變化，不斷升級(jí)，現(xiàn)在則趨向于家庭控制系統(tǒng)，而它則是這兩者的變種。 1 INDUSTRIAL AND COLLABORATIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS A COMPLEMENTARY SYMBIOSIS – Looking at today?s control system one can find a wide variety of implementations. From pure industrial to collaborative control system (CCS) tool kits to home grown systems and any variation inbetween. Decisions on the type of implementation should be driven by technical arguments Reality shows that financial and sociological reasons form the plete picture. Any decision has it?s advantages and it?s drawbacks. Reliability, good documentation and support are arguments for industrial controls. Financial arguments drive decisions towards collaborative tools. Keeping the hands on the source code and being able to solve problems on your own and faster than industry are the argument for home grown solutions or open source solutions. The experience of many years of operations shows that which solution is the primary one does not matter, there are always areas where at least part of the other implementations exist. As a result heterogeneous systems have to be maintained. The support for different protocols is essential. This paper describes our experience with industrial control systems, PLC controlled turn key systems, the CCS tool kit EPICS and the operability between all of them. INTRODUCTION Process controls in general started at DESY in the early 80th with the installation of the cryogenic control system for the accelerator HERA (HadronElektronRingAnlage). A new technology was necessary because the existing hardware was not capable to handle standard process controls signals like 4 to 20mA input and output signals and the software was not designed to run PID control loops at a stable repetition rate of seconds. In addition sequence programs were necessary to implement startup and shutdown procedures for the plex cryogenic processes like cold boxes and pete pressor streets. Soon it was necessary to add interfaces to field buses and to add puting power to cryogenic controls. Since the installed D/3 system[1] only provided an documented serial connection on a multibus board, the decision was made to implement a DMA connection to VME and to emulate the multibus board?s functionality. The necessary puting power for temperature conversions came from a Motorola MVME 167 CPU and the field bus adapter to the in house SEDAC field bus was running on an additional MVME 162. The operating system was VxWorks and the application was the EPICS toolkit. Since this implementation was successful it was also implemented for the utility controls which were looking for a generic solution to supervise their distributed PLC?s. 2 A SELECTION OF PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS AT DESY DCS (D/3) As a result of a market survey the D/3 system from GSE was selected for the HERA cryogenic plant. The decision was fortunate because of the DCS character of the D/3. The possibility to expand the system on the display and on the I/O side helped to solve the increasing control demands for HERA. The limiting factor for the size of the system is not the total number of I/O but the traffic on the munication work. This traffic is determined by the total amount of archived data not by the data configured in the alarm system. The technical background of this limitation is the fact that archived data are polled from the display servers whereas the alarms are pushed to configured destinations like alarmfiles, (printer) queues or displays. SCADA Systems with DCS Features (Cube) The fact that the D/3 system mentioned above had some hard coded limitations with respect to the Y2K problem was forcing us to look for an upgrade or a replacement of the existing system. As a result of a call for tender the pany Orsi with their product Cube came into play [2]. The project included a plete replacement of the installed functionality. This included the D/3 as well as the integration of the DESY field bus SEDAC and the temperature conversion in VME. The project started promising. But soon technical and organizational problems were pushing the schedule to it?s limits which were determined by the HERA shutdown scheduled at that time. The final acceptance test at the vendors site showed dramatic performance problems. Two factors could be identified as the cause of these problems. The first one was related to the under estimated CPU load of the 6th grade polynomial temperature conversion running at 1 Hz. The second one was the additional CPU load caused by the plex functionality of the existing D/3 system. Here it was underestimated that each digital and analog input and output channel had it?s own alarm limits in the D/3 system. In a SCADA like system as Cube the base functionality of a channel is to read the value and make it available to the system. Any additional functionality must be added. Last not least the load on the work fo