【正文】 主要結(jié)構(gòu)的工作被認為是需要在這些地點。縮短一欄下，給出了負載的表達 △ = ∑fL / 電子 建筑物的 12英尺（三點六六米）落地式地板的距離，平均壓應(yīng)力 15 ksi （ 138MPa ） ，縮短一欄下的負荷是 15 （ 12 ）（ 12 ） / 29000 或 （一點九毫米）的故事。 7 .類似的空間桁架位于底部的建設(shè) 8 .整個大會是橫向支持的基礎(chǔ)上對雙鋼板管，因為剪切剛度的外管到零的基礎(chǔ)上建設(shè)。 3 .在內(nèi)胎已作好在短期內(nèi)的方向，但與零剪切剛度的長期方向。外柱，當然，執(zhí)行相同的軸向力側(cè)向載荷下的充分高度的列，因為列，因為剪切剛度的系統(tǒng)是接近于零。在這里，內(nèi)胎是一個支撐框架，外管 沒有剪切剛度和兩個系統(tǒng)耦合如果他們被視為系統(tǒng)通過直線的 “ 帽子 ” 的結(jié)構(gòu)。這是最簡單的不足立場在內(nèi)胎設(shè)想作為支撐（即剪切激烈），而管外管被視為一個框架（即剪切靈活）管。在支撐管，剪切撓度的組成部分是與軸向變形的對角線而彎曲部分的撓度與軸向縮短和延長欄。的目的，第二管是增加阻力的轉(zhuǎn)折點，增加側(cè)向剛度。 筒中筒結(jié)構(gòu) 管狀框架系統(tǒng)動員每欄外墻抵制過度轉(zhuǎn)向和剪切力。的桁架放在往往機械樓層，玉米粥的反對設(shè)計師的機械系統(tǒng)。有限的概念最近應(yīng)用框架管剪切 60故事。系統(tǒng)特點是立體框架，支撐框架或剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)，形成一個封閉的表面或多或少圓柱的性質(zhì)，但幾乎所有計劃配置。該系統(tǒng)的 TEM 的進一步利用具有高韌性的功能特別重要的地區(qū)的地震活動。張力缺乏系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)，任何結(jié)構(gòu)性因素是有限的能力抵抗傾覆力矩的寬度系統(tǒng)和重力負載支持因素。再次，中心到中心尺寸常用的初步分析。這是常用的與其他系統(tǒng)的高大建筑物和作為一個獨立的系統(tǒng)在低到中等高樓大廈。 由于固有的靈活性柱 /梁相交，并且由于初步設(shè)計的目標應(yīng)該是突出的弱點的系統(tǒng)，這是不尋常使用中心到中心尺 寸為框架的初步分析。這種幀被用作一個獨立的系統(tǒng)或與其他系統(tǒng)，以便提供必要的抵抗水平荷載。在任何情況下，最好都需要制定一個真正特殊的設(shè)計高層建筑。本質(zhì)的設(shè)計過程是分布在整個討論。這并不是說，富有想象力的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計可以創(chuàng)造偉大的建筑。 特別是最近的趨勢更為復雜的形式，但在反應(yīng)還需要增加剛度抵制軍隊從風和地震，最高層建筑結(jié)構(gòu)體系已經(jīng)建立起來的組合 框架，支撐 bents ，剪力墻，和相關(guān)系統(tǒng)。 4 .筒中筒結(jié)構(gòu)。也許更重要的是，新概念，但在幾年前已經(jīng)司空見慣在當今的技術(shù)。T headquarters is an example of an astonishing array of interactive elements: 1. The structural system is 94 ft () wide, 196ft() long, and 601ft () high. 2. Two inner tubes are provided, each 31ft() by 40 ft (), centered 90 ft () apart in the long direction of the building. 3. The inner tubes are braced in the short direction, but with zero shear stiffness in the long direction. 4. A single outer tube is supplied, which encircles the building perimeter. 5. The outer tube is a momentresisting frame, but with zero shear stiffness for the center50ft () of each of the long sides. 6. A spacetruss hat structure is provided at the top of the building. 7. A similar space truss is located near the bottom of the building 8. The entire assembly is laterally supported at the base on twin steelplate tubes, because the shear stiffness of the outer tube goes to zero at the base of the building. Cellular structures A classic example of a cellular structure is the Sears Tower, Chicago, a bundled tube structure of nine separate tubes. While the Sears Tower contains nine nearly identical tubes, the basic structural system has special application for buildings of irregular shape, as the several tubes need not be similar in plan shape, It is not unmon that some of the individual tubes one of the strengths and one of the weaknesses of the system. This special weakness of this system, particularly in framed tubes, has to do with the concept of differential column shortening. The shortening of a column under load is given by the expression △=∑fL/E For buildings of 12 ft () floortofloor distances and an average pressive stress of 15 ksi (138MPa), the shortening of a column under load is 15 (12)(12)/29,000 or () per story. At 50 stories, the column will have shortened to in. (94mm) less than its unstressed length. Where one cell of a bundled tube system is, say, 50stories high and an adjacent cell is, say, 100stories high, those columns near the boundary between .the two systems need to have this differential deflection reconciled. Major structural work has been found to be needed at such locations. In at least one building, the Rialto Project, Melbourne, the structural engineer found it necessary to vertically prestress the lower height columns so as to reconcile the differential deflections of columns in close proximity with the posttensioning of the shorter column simulating the weight to be added on to adjacent, higher columns. 結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)抵抗橫向荷載 常用的結(jié)構(gòu)體系 與負載檢測成千上萬 kips ，很少有房的設(shè)計，高層建筑的過于復雜的想法。 analysis by the socalled portal method of the cantilever method has no place in today?s technology. Because of the intrinsic flexibility of the column/girder intersection, and because