【正文】 可編程控制器是面向用戶的專用工業(yè)控制計算機，具有許多明顯的特點。它采用了可編程序的存儲器，用來在其內(nèi)部存儲執(zhí)行邏輯運算，順序控制、定時、計數(shù)和算術(shù)運算等操作的指令，并通過數(shù)字式和模擬式的輸入和輸出，控制各種類型的機械或生產(chǎn)過程。 PLC 的基本設(shè)計思想是把計算機功能完善、靈活、通用等優(yōu)點和繼電器控制系統(tǒng)的簡單易懂、操作方便、價格便宜等優(yōu)點結(jié)合起來，控制器的硬件是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的、通用的。根據(jù) Sal 說法，用戶擔(dān)心如果他們廣泛的應(yīng)用生產(chǎn)廠家將會收回 MAP，這樣將會留下一個不支持通信的交流框架。” 由于這些原因，許多 PLC 廠家緊盯著 MAP 的最新結(jié)果。在過去的幾年里，我們聽到許多關(guān)于生產(chǎn)自動化協(xié)議的事情，并且許多公司已經(jīng)加入大有成功希望的事業(yè)。而一個可編程控制器以它的體積小，價格低順理成章的被應(yīng)用。是否會一直這樣下去呢？美國南部Fancy 的經(jīng)理 Ken Jeante 說：“我覺得 PLC 將被用于過程控制但是對于過程控制又不是必須的。西門子的總經(jīng)理兼生產(chǎn)部長指出：“可編程控制在被廣泛的應(yīng)用與于精密操作，除了梯形圖邏輯以外的編程語言變得更加使用、有效和強大。而且被迫與越來越多的一系列控制產(chǎn)品相競爭。因此，統(tǒng)計學(xué)可以作為可編程邏輯控制器（ PLC）設(shè)計的一個例子，并有可能影響邏輯硬件設(shè)計。設(shè)計過程一般都分成局部功能塊設(shè)計和系統(tǒng)設(shè)計兩個階段。尤其是，對如何簡化一個繁冗而復(fù)雜的設(shè)計任務(wù)這一問題，仍然沒有 被科學(xué)的處理。百分之八十到九十的花費用于軟件維護、調(diào)試、優(yōu)化（改進）、和擴展以滿足不斷變換的需求。其次，軟件變得難以掌握其程度的復(fù)雜；在現(xiàn)代自動化系統(tǒng)中，軟件設(shè)計和保持系統(tǒng)本質(zhì)幾乎變得不可能。同樣的，它也將改善軟件的質(zhì)量的可靠 性，以及關(guān)系到系統(tǒng)的較高安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，尤其是這些對環(huán)境有危害影響的，比如：機場控制、公共鐵路運輸。 IEC611313, 1993。例如，可編程邏輯控制器（ＰＬＣ）程序仍然依靠一種方便的有邏輯梯形圖的程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)模式。特別的，這個主題與隨后的部分的是有關(guān)的。自動控制系統(tǒng)是狀態(tài)模型用公式語言或等價的語言描述的。方法論還包括一個逐步的設(shè)計過程，并且要設(shè)置一個設(shè)計規(guī)則，這樣才能為一個成功的設(shè)計提供導(dǎo)向和方法。 PLC 程序測試和排除錯誤， 再者， PLC 控制系統(tǒng)不適合設(shè)計對適應(yīng)性和重構(gòu)有越來越多要求的生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)。例如，在實踐中， VISI設(shè)計是一種有效的計算機輔助設(shè)計。 如果房子建造的像軟件過程一樣，那么僅僅一只啄木鳥就可以摧毀文明。而且，盡管硬件的價格在逐漸下跌，據(jù)估計，根據(jù) Frost 和 Sullivan 對 PLC 市場的調(diào)查研究表明，每年銷售硬件的價格要比銷售 PLC 的價格（一千五百萬）至少多出八十億美元。 Third, adaptability good。ve heard a lot about MAP in the last few years, and a lot of panies have jumped on the band wagon. Many, however were disappointed when a fullydefined and pleted MAP specification didn’t appear immediately. Says Larry Kumara .Right now , MAP is still a moving target for the manufacturers specification that is not final. Presently, for example, people are introducing products to meet the MAP products will be obsolete when the new standard for MAP, introduced.” Because of this, many PLC vendors are holding off on full MAP implementations. Omron, for example , has an ongoing MAPpatibility program, but Frank Newborn, vice president of Omron’s Industrial Division, reports that because of the lack of a firm definition, Omron39。 ISO 157451, 1999] have been formed to fix and disseminate stateoftheart design methods, but they normally cannot participate in advancing the knowledge of efficient program and system design. A systematic approach will increase the level of design automation through reusing existing software ponents, and will provide methods to make largescale system design manageable. Likewise, it will improve software quality and reliability and will be relevant to systems high security standards, especially those having hazardous impact on the environment such as airport control, and public railroads. System Complexity 4 The software industry is regarded as a performance destructor and plexity generator. Steadily shrinking hardware prices spoils the need for software performance in terms of code optimization and efficiency. The result is that massive and less efficient software code on one hand outpaces the gains in hardware performance on the other hand. Secondly, software proliferates into plexity of unmanageable dimensions。 英文資料翻譯 題目 Programming controller introduction 院 系 中德機電學(xué)院 專 業(yè) 電氣自動化技術(shù) 班 級 0802 學(xué)生姓名 學(xué) 號 100081756 指導(dǎo)教師 2020 年 4 月 1 Programming controller introduction Motivation Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), a puting device invented by Richard E. Morley in 1968, have been widely used in industry including manufacturing systems, transportation systems, chemical process facilities, and many others. At that time, the PLC replaced the hardwired logic with softwired logic or socalled relay ladder logic (RLL), a programming language visually resembling the hardwired logic, and reduced thereby the configuration time from 6 months down to 6 days [Moody and Morley, 1999]. Although PC based control has started to e into place, PLC based control will remain the technique to which the majority of industrial applications will adhere due to its higher performance, lower price, and superior reliability in harsh environments. Moreover, according to a study on the PLC market of Frost and Sullivan [1995], a