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外文翻譯---基于基于單片機進行實時日歷和時鐘顯示設計-單片機-wenkub.com

2025-05-07 10:11 本頁面
   

【正文】 機密位只能通過整片擦除的方法清 除。退出掉電模式的唯一方法是硬件復位,復位后將從新定義全部特殊功能寄存器但不改變 RAM中的內(nèi)容,在 VCC恢復 到正常工作電平前,復位應無效切必須保持一定時間以使振蕩器從新啟動并穩(wěn)定工作。程序會首先影響中斷,進入中斷服務程序,執(zhí)行完中斷服務程序,并緊隨 RETI 指令 后,下一條要執(zhí)行的指令就是使單片機進入閑散工作模式,那條指令后面的一條指令。在閑散工作模式狀態(tài),中央處理器 CPU保持睡眠狀態(tài),而所有片內(nèi)的外設仍保持激活狀態(tài),這種方式 由軟件產(chǎn)生。這兩種方式是控制專用寄存器 PCON中的 PD和 IDL位來實現(xiàn)的。采用外部時鐘的電路如圖示。如果使用石英晶體,我們推薦電容使用 30PF177。 時鐘震蕩器 AT89S52中有一個用于構成內(nèi)部震蕩器的高增益反相放大器,引腳 XTAL1和 XTAL2分別是該放大器的輸入端和輸出端。如 EA 端為高電平, CPU則執(zhí)行內(nèi)部程序存儲器中的指令。在此期間,當訪問外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲器時,這兩次有效的 PSEN 信號不出現(xiàn)。如果必要,可對特殊寄存器區(qū)中的 8EH單元的 D0 位置禁止 ALE 操作。當震蕩器工作時, RET 引腳出現(xiàn)兩個機器周期以上的高電平將使單片機 復位。 P3口 : P3 口是一組帶有內(nèi)部電阻的 8 位雙向 I/O口, P3 口輸出緩沖故可驅(qū)動 4個 TTL電路。因為內(nèi)部有電阻,某個引腳被外部信號拉低時會輸出一個電流。因為內(nèi)部有電阻,某個引腳被外部信號拉低時輸出一個電流。 P0 口還能夠在訪問外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲器或程序存儲器時,轉換地址和數(shù)據(jù)總線復用,并在這時激活內(nèi)部的上拉電阻。掉電方式保存隨機存取數(shù)據(jù)存儲器中的內(nèi)容,但震蕩器停止工作并禁止其它所有部件的工作直到下一個復位 。片內(nèi)含有 8位中央處理器和閃爍存儲單元,有較強的功能的 AT89S52單片機能夠被應用到控制領域中。該器件由于其具有價格低廉、電路簡單、測量精確等優(yōu)點。此外,用 戶還可以對芯片進行編程控制輸出各種方波,并可對其內(nèi)部的三路中斷通過軟件進行屏蔽。該芯片內(nèi)部自帶有鏗電池,外部掉電時,其內(nèi)部的時間信息還能夠保持 10年之久。為了節(jié)省控制器的資源,在控制器和顯示器之間加入一個譯碼電路使本來需要 16 根控制線的電路變成只需四根控制線,極大的節(jié)省了系統(tǒng)資源。另外,還 具有一個看門狗電路,為電路的可靠工作提供了更大的保證。溫度數(shù)據(jù)由測量電路 (DS18B20)獲得的溫度值送入顯示電路顯示。 本系統(tǒng)設計采用實時鐘芯片 (DS1302)作為計時器件,該芯片內(nèi)部自帶晶體振蕩器,這樣就有效的保證了計時的精確性,并且內(nèi)部自帶鏗電池使得在斷電情況能繼續(xù)更新時間信息。s function is to receive control circuit to send to the entire point of time and timing signal,according to system settings produce different frequencies of audio signals,amplification by the drive circuit to drive speakers to voice their opinions in order to realize the whole point timekeeping and alarm functions. Description The AT89S52 is a lowpower, highperformance CMOS 8bit microputer with 4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s highdensity nonvolatile memory technology and is patible with the industrystandard MCS52 instruction set and pinout. The onchip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed insystem or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By bining a versatile 8bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microputer which provides a highlyflexible and costeffective solution to many embedded control applications. Function characteristic The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 4K bytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16bit timer/counters, a five vector twolevel interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, onchip oscillator and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Powerdown Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset. Pin Description VCC: Supply voltage. GND: Ground. Port 0: Port 0 is an 8bit opendrain bidirectional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as highimpedance 0 may also be configured to be the multiplexed loworder address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode P0 has internal 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming,and outputs the code bytes during programverification. External pullups are required during programverification. Port 1 Port 1 is an 8bit bidirectional I/O port with internal Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL 1s are written to Port 1 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs,Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) becau
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