【正文】 此外，信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理是一個(gè)主觀的過程，可在短期內(nèi) 操縱。利率風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是主要因素，作為銀行的財(cái)務(wù)表現(xiàn)考慮如下的收益曲線。從本質(zhì)上講，這種津貼可以被看作是一個(gè)專門撥出資金來吸收貸款損失估計(jì)池。 KramersMoyal 系數(shù)以下面的形式增加： 這一結(jié)果表明，財(cái)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)的豐富性和復(fù)雜性是用多尺度來統(tǒng)計(jì)的，可以以相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的功能表中的數(shù)據(jù)來牽制。這兩個(gè)行業(yè)最大的資金排行是紡織品和服裝，紡織品排名第二十二的消費(fèi)支出和第二十六位營運(yùn)資金。事實(shí)上，石油行業(yè)是排名第一的 現(xiàn)金轉(zhuǎn)換效率 和第三名的日 營運(yùn)資金 。在典型的年份中，首席財(cái)務(wù)官雜志在此期間 970 公司的排名。 在所有情況下 ， 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差相對(duì)較小 ， 這表明這些 營運(yùn) 資金的管理工作 的 變量都是 和 首席財(cái)務(wù)官的報(bào)告是一致的 。 在整個(gè)調(diào)查中近 1000 家 的 經(jīng)營活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生現(xiàn)金流 。因此，它反映了公司的核心融資業(yè)務(wù)能力與供應(yīng)商信用。每家公司對(duì)其同行的排名是針對(duì)整個(gè)領(lǐng)域的 1000 家公司 .REL 繼續(xù)更新以前年度基礎(chǔ)上的原始資料。 第一次年度首席財(cái)務(wù)官營運(yùn)資金管理的調(diào)查。隨著時(shí)間的推移，沒有什么能影響營運(yùn)資金管理穩(wěn)定性?，斈崴己蜐商亓_談?wù)撘恍《萎a(chǎn)業(yè)影響包括那些“一個(gè)工業(yè)公司可能有更多的財(cái)富”公司可能影響整體國民生產(chǎn)總值。收款人定義付款日期為收到貨款的日期，而付款人查看付款日期的郵戳，額外的協(xié)作平臺(tái)了解各企業(yè)、行業(yè)和時(shí)間能夠增加這方面的研究機(jī)構(gòu)。通過有限的樣本，溫勞布和菲斯海爾 (1998)觀察到的趨勢(shì)是目前比率低的公司也有低水平的流動(dòng)負(fù)債。吉爾伯特和銳徹(1995)發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)收賬款的管理模式在使用后，有百分之五十九的公司提高營運(yùn)資金項(xiàng)目，而庫存管理模型應(yīng)用于百分之六十的公司。對(duì)于一個(gè)正在為主與短期負(fù)債資銀行，在利率上升可能會(huì)減少凈利息收入的同時(shí)信貸質(zhì)量問題在增加。廣告結(jié)果，收費(fèi)收入和 14 相關(guān)的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值的抵押貸款服務(wù)有關(guān)的業(yè)務(wù)可能會(huì)增加或保持適度穩(wěn)定利率上升期間產(chǎn)生的 當(dāng)你分析一個(gè)銀行也應(yīng)考慮如何采取行動(dòng)的利率風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與其他銀行聯(lián)合。 銀行嘗試的一種方法克服了收益曲線平坦的影響是增加的費(fèi)用，他們的服務(wù)費(fèi)。這家銀行的表現(xiàn)差異是由于收益曲線平坦。為了幫助理解這是如何發(fā)生的，看的時(shí)候總注重資產(chǎn)取得的收益 。注意，對(duì)于每個(gè)項(xiàng)目的平均余額有相應(yīng)的利益相關(guān)收入或支出項(xiàng)目，并為時(shí)間段內(nèi)的平均產(chǎn)量。 .六西格瑪方法論的“最佳”的營運(yùn)資金管理需要被確認(rèn) 下面的表格聯(lián)系在一起的世行與損益表和顯示來自生息資產(chǎn)和計(jì)息存款產(chǎn) 生的收益率資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表。其結(jié)果是不同的資產(chǎn)（貸款）和負(fù)債（存款）資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表不匹配。 因此，凈利息收入會(huì)有所不同，由于權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制的變化和變化率和收益曲線的關(guān)系時(shí)差。 3 中等規(guī)模的分析 某家銀行的主要業(yè)務(wù)是管理存款之間傳播。 由于金融中介機(jī)構(gòu) 是 銀行承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的兩個(gè)主要類型 之一 ，因?yàn)樗麄児芾淼馁Y金通過其業(yè)務(wù)流程。因此，投資者可以集中精力 確定 銀行將如何在不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境中履行自己的大部分精力。在美國，銀行的主要監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)可能是美國聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備委員會(huì)，對(duì)美國貨幣監(jiān)理署，互助儲(chǔ)蓄銀行監(jiān)管辦事處或任何一個(gè) 50 個(gè)州的監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)，根據(jù)銀行的章程。他們通過對(duì)這些基金的借款，接受的貸款利息。第二個(gè)時(shí)間范圍 是增加了幾分鐘的可以被描述為 隨機(jī)馬爾可夫 規(guī)模的級(jí)聯(lián)過程的中期時(shí)間范圍 。P Industrial index plete some form of a cash flow assessment. but did not present insights regarding accounts receivable and inventory management. or the variations of any current asset accounts or liability accounts across industries. Thus. mixed evidence exists concerning the use of working capital management techniques. Theoretical determination of optimal trade credit limits are the subject of many articles over the years (.. Schwartz 1974。 Financial markets。 1 Banks analysis of financial data Andreas P. Nawroth, Joachim Peinke Institut fu168。 Stochastic processes。 Scherr 1996). with scant attention paid to actual accounts receivable management. Across a limited sample. Weinraub and Visscher (1998) observe a tendency of firms with low levels of current ratios to also have low levels of current liabilities. Simultaneously investigating accounts receivable and payable issues. Hill. Sartoris. and Ferguson (1984) find differences in the way payment dates are defined. Payees define the date of payment as the date payment is received. while payors view payment as the postmark date. Additional WCM insight across firms. industries. and time can add to this body of research. Maness and Zietlow (2020. 51. 496) presents two models of value creation that incorporate effective shortterm financial management activities. However. these models are generic models and do not consider unique firm or industry influences. Maness and Zietlow discuss industry influences in a short paragraph that includes the observation that. “An industry a pany is located in may have more influence on that pany’s fortunes than overall GNP” (2020. 507). In fact. a careful review of this 627page textbook finds 7 only sporadic information on actual firm levels of WCM dimensions. virtually nothing on industry factors except for some boxed items with titles such as. “Should a Retailer Offer an InHouse Credit Card” (128) and nothing on WCM stability over time. This research will attempt to fill this void by investigating patterns related to working capital measures within industries and illustrate differences between industries across time. An extensive survey of library and Inter resources provided very few recent reports about working capital management. The most relevant set of articles was Weisel and Bradley’s (2020) article on cash flow management and one of inventory control as a result of effective supply chain management by Hadley (2020). Method The CFO Rankings The first annual CFO Working Capital Survey. a joint project with REL Consultancy Group. was published in the June 1997 issue of CFO (Mintz and Lezere 1997). REL is a London. Englandbased management consulting firm specializing in working capital issues for its global list of clients. The original survey reports several working capital benchmarks for public panies using data for 1996. Each pany is ranked against its peers and also against the entire field of panies. REL continues to update the original information on an annual basis. REL uses the “cash flow from operations” value located on firm cash flow statements to e