外文翻譯--中國(guó)的人口老齡化-wenkub.com
2025-05-07 08:13 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 but then had its growth slowed again between 1851 and 1949 as a consequence of the social turmoil caused by civil wars and imperialist invasions (Banister 1992). The establishment of the People’ s Republic of China in 1949 marked the beginning of its demographic transition, a process that distinguished China from the rest of world due to its extraordinarily rapid declines of mortality and fertility (see Fig. ), neither of which would have been possible without strong government intervention. 3 The Trend of Population Aging in Urban and Rural China The very success of China’ s mortality and fertility decline has accelerated the process of population aging in China. Using the urban/rural definition from the 1982 population census, Wang and Mason (2020) projected that 15 per cent of the urban population would be 65 years and older in 2020, while the same figure would not be achieved in rural China until twenty years later. However, massive rural to urban migration that started in the 1980s may very well change the scenario. It was conservatively estimated that the size of the “ floating population” (“ temporary” migrants) reached nearly 79 million, according to the 2020 census tabulation (Liang and Ma 2020). Taking outmigration into account, Wang and Mason (Forthing) found that aging in rural China would occur much faster and sooner, with the proportion of the population aged 65+ reaching the level of the current urban population as early as 2020. 4 Trend of Living Arrangements Studies on living arrangements of the elderly population are essential to understand the structure of kin availability for support. Because coresidence with family members often means they are more likely to receive support, living arrangements were often viewed as an indicator for wellbeing, despite mixed empirical findings on the relationship between living arra
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