車(chē)床與銑削加工外文翻譯-wenkub.com
2025-05-06 16:00 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 crew and feed bed is the backbone of a lathe. It usually is made of wellnormalized or aged gray or nodular cast iron and provides a heavy, rigid frame on which all the other basic ponents are mounted. Two sets of parallel, longitudinal ways, inner and outer, are contained on the bed, usually on the upper side. Some makers use an inverted Vshape for all four ways, whereas others utilize one inverted V and one flat way in one or both sets. Because several other ponents are mounted and/or move on the ways they must be made with precision to assure accuracy of alignment. Similarly, proper precaution should be taken in operating a lathe to assure that the ways are not damaged. Any inaccuracy in them usually means that the accuracy of the entire lathe is destroyed. The ways on most modem lathes are surface hardened to offer greater resistance to wear and abrasion. The headstock is mounted in a fixed position on the inner ways at one end of the lathe bed. It provides a powered means of rotating the work at various speeds. It consists, essentially, of a hollow spindle, mounted in accurate bearings? And a set of transmission gears similar to a truck transmission through which the spindle can be rotated at a number of speeds. Most lathes provide from eight to eighteen speeds, usually in a geometric ratio, and on modem lathes all the speeds can be obtained merely by moving from two to four levers. An increasing trend is to provide a continuously variable speed range through electrical or mechanical drives. Because the accuracy of a lathe is greatly dependent on the spindle, it is of heavy construction and mounted in heavy bearings, usually preloaded tapered roller or ball types, a longitudinal hole extends through the spindle so that long bar stock can be fed through it. The size of this hole is an important size dimension of a lathe because it determines the maximum size of bar stock that can be machined when the material must be fed through the spinale. The inner end of the spindle protrudes from the gear box and contains a means for mounting various types of chucks, face plates, and dog plates on it. Whereas small lathes often employ a threaded section to which the chucks are screwed, most large lathes utilize either camlock or keydrive taper noses. These provide a largediameter taper that assures the accurate alignment of the chuck, and a mechanism that permits the chuck or face plate to be locked or unlocked in position without the necessity of having to rotate these heavy attachments. Power is supplied to the spindle by means of an electric motor through a Vbelt or silentchain drive. Most modem lathes have motors of from 5 to15 horsepower to provide adequate power for carbide and ceramic tools at their high cutting tailstock assembly consists, essentially, of three parts. A lower casting fits on the inner ways of the bed and can slide longitudinally thereon, with a means for clamping the entire assembly in any desired location. An upper casting fits on the lower one and can be moved transversely upon it on some type of keyed ways. This transverse motion pemfits aligning the tailstock and headstock spindles and provides a method of tuming tapers. The third major ponent of the assembly is the tailstock quill. This is a hollow steel cylinder, usually about 2 to sinches in diameter, that can be moved several inches longitudinally in and out of the upper casting by means of a handwheel and screw. The open end of the quill hole terminates in a morse. Taper in which
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